Joint Optimization of Collimator and Reconstruction Parameters in X-Ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography Using Analytical Point Spread Function and Model Observer

Modelling of A New X-Ray Backscatter Imaging System: Simulation Investigation

“…Most importantly, during nearfield imaging conditions, the nearfield image artefacts will play a significant part in the signal to noise ratio. An alternative approach of increasing the thickness of the single pinhole aperture has been considered, but unfortunately, it acts more like a collimator than a single pinhole imaging system [7,25].…”

“…Gaussian), but images with other nonlinear noises (e.g. degradation between a threshold or degradation in a specific area and not the whole image) could give unreliable results [7,32]. Secondly, measuring the image quality by using transmission factor (%), where the transmission factor of a medium T can be defined as the ratio of the radiation flux Φ passing through the medium to the flux Φ 0 incident upon the surface of the medium [33,34]:…”

“…Unlike conventional transmission X-ray, which is more sensitive for detecting high atomic number material [1][2][3], BAXI relies on the Compton scattering of the X-ray with the core electrons [1,2,4,5], and is more sensitive to low atomic number materials like explosives [2,6]. Furthermore, BAXI is more attractive in operations as both the X-ray source and detector are mounted in the same housing; thereby, it can scan large objects [7]. When a photon collides and interacts with motionless electron [8], it will transfer some of its energy to that electron, and this phenomenon can be described as the Compton effect [9,10].…”

Multiobjective nested optimization framework for simultaneous integration of multiple photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems in distribution networks

“…The joint optimal allocation of renewables and BESSs, followed by the daily optimal dispatch of suggested BESSs is highly essential for enhancing the techno-economic and operational efficiency of distribution systems while mitigating the detrimental impacts (like reverse power flow) of high renewable penetration. In-turn, there are two approaches by which one can perform joint optimization procedure namely, simultaneous and sequential joint optimizations [28,29,30,31]. In the former, the optimization algorithms simultaneously optimize the decision variables wherein sequential procedure, the optimization algorithms act in sequential steps.…”

Monte Carlo study of x-ray detection configurations for benchtop x-ray fluorescence computed tomography of gold nanoparticle-loaded objects

“…Although the system performance enhancements in these investigations are noteworthy, an important point is that they were achieved with bright monochromatic/synchrotron x-ray sources using a pencil-or sheet-beam geometry within samples/phantoms smaller than 12 mm in diameter. Meanwhile, the feasibility of the PDC/multipinhole with polychromatic x-ray sources (sheet and fan beams) has also been investigated by MC simulations (Jung et al 2017, Deng et al 2018, experiments (Li et al 2017), and analytic modeling (Tseng et al 2019). Nonetheless, the question still remains open as to whether all of the anticipated benefits with PDC/multi-hole configurations can be realized in benchtop XFCT systems adopting cone beam sources, while satisfying the dose and scan time constraints for XFCT imaging of small animals or small animal-sized objects.…”