“…20,21,22,23 Social factors comprise productivity, association with a prominent co-author, cultural diversity, gender, communication and membership of a researcher's social network. 21,22,23,24,25 Environmental (also referred to as institutional) factors encompass higher-quality results, access to funding, the pooling of expertise for solving complex problems, top management support, disciplinary measures, detailed supervision policy and rewards. 19,21,22,23 Personal factors motivate a researcher to engage in collaborative activities, while environmental and social factors strengthen collaboration.…”