Joining dissimilar thin-walled tubes by Magnetic Pulse Welding

Review of recent developments in manufacturing lightweight multi-metal gears

“…An alternative to traditional welding methods is electromagnetic pulse welding, which is a process that involves high speed impact, with velocities up to several hundred m/s and pressures up to several thousand MPa, with subsequent plastic deformation of the workpieces [93]. The method can possibly be used to produce a single bi-metal blank through the assembly of dissimilar inner cylindrical material and an outer sleeve.…”

“…7a where the application Fig. 7 Electromagnetic pulse welded: a Acceleration and collision of outer sleeve to core (1) Before and (2) After the process [93], and b Aluminium-copper blank interface [55] of a current in the coil creates a magnetic field that forces the outer sleeve towards the inner sleeve materials, and through the process of 'jetting' forces air and oxide layers away from the material interface resulting in close metalto-metal contact. According to Groche et al [60], there is limited knowledge on the optimal parameters to form solid state bonds with this method and therefore preforms can only be produced through trial and error methods.…”

Hierarchical Morphology and Formation Mechanism of Collision Surface of Al/Steel Dissimilar Lap Joints via Electromagnetic Pulse Welding

“…Geng et al [25], Wang et al [26], and Chen et al [24] also observed and explained this central non-weld zone in Al-Fe magnetic pulse welding, Al-Cu laser impact welding, and Al-steel vaporizing foil actuator welding, respectively. Collision angle Additionally, several attempts have been reported to reduce or even eliminate the central non-weld zone, e.g., via adjusting the initial collision angle [27,28] (to form an oblique impact between sheets), coil design [29] (to alter the magnitude and distribution of magnetic fields), overlap length [11] (to transform the impacting mode from 'doubleorientation' to 'single-orientation' by shortening it), or adding an Al driver sheet [30] (to reduce negative pressure acting at the collision center). More effective methods in reducing the central non-weld zone and enhancing the bonding area should be further explored in future studies.…”

“…More effective methods in reduc- Additionally, several attempts have been reported to reduce or even eliminate the central non-weld zone, e.g., via adjusting the initial collision angle [27,28] (to form an oblique impact between sheets), coil design [29] (to alter the magnitude and distribution of magnetic fields), overlap length [11] (to transform the impacting mode from 'doubleorientation' to 'single-orientation' by shortening it), or adding an Al driver sheet [30] (to reduce negative pressure acting at the collision center). More effective methods in reduc- Additionally, several attempts have been reported to reduce or even eliminate the central non-weld zone, e.g., via adjusting the initial collision angle [27,28] (to form an oblique impact between sheets), coil design [29] (to alter the magnitude and distribution of magnetic fields), overlap length [11] (to transform the impacting mode from 'doubleorientation' to 'single-orientation' by shortening it), or adding an Al driver sheet [30] (to reduce negative pressure acting at the collision center). More effective methods in reduc- Additionally, several attempts have been reported to reduce or even eliminate the central non-weld zone, e.g., via adjusting the initial collision angle [27,28] (to form an oblique impact between sheets), coil design [29] (to alter the magnitude and distribution of magnetic fields), overlap length [11] (to transform the impacting mode from 'doubleorientation' to 'single-orientation' by shortening it), or adding an Al driver sheet [30] (to reduce negative pressure acting at the collision center).…”

Pitch Effect of Helical Coils of Electromagnetic Forming

“…Hence, researchers usually use software such as COMSOL [12][13][14] , ANSYS/MEGA [15][16] and LS-DYNA [17][18] to analyze the magnetic field by equating the solenoid coil model with a 2-D or 3-D axisymmetric model. What's more, these studies mainly focus on aspects such as electromagnetic bulging [19][20] , electromagnetic welding [21][22] , electromagnetic superposed forming [23] , and the electromagnetic-assisted forming [24][25] .…”