“…Even though recent studies have highlighted some difficulties in having a clear definition of "collaboration" (Bryson et al, 2015;Morris and Miller-Stevens, 2015;Hodge and Grave, 2018), many collaborative practices have been encouraged under the "Joined-up Government" approach. This term, introduced by the UK Labour Government Modernisation Agenda (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010), encompasses all that forms of collaboration (public-public partnership, co-working, joined-up-working, networking and co-production partnership) in which public organizations work with each others and with private or not-for-profit organizations (Hodges, 2012). The JoinedUp Government is based on an overview of the public actions, a global strategic approach and a coordination policy (Chow et al, 2007).…”