Johnson-noise thermometry based on a quantized-voltage noise source at NIST

Pollarolo, Alessio; Jeong, T.; Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Rogalla, Horst; Tew, Weston L.

doi:10.1063/1.4821368

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The bandwidth of the system will be increased by switching to amplifiers with increased bandwidth, with lower or comparable noise and higher linearity. In the most recent measurements, NIST used a 200 Ω sense resistor that reduced the statistical uncertainty by 25% in the same measurement period compared with that of a 100 Ω sense resistor [44].…”

Section: Noise Thermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low uncertainty Boltzmann constant determinations and the kelvin redefinition

Fischer¹

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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At its 25th meeting, the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) approved Resolution 1 'On the future revision of the International System of Units, the SI', which sets the path towards redefinition of four base units at the next CGPM in 2018. This constitutes a decisive advance towards the formal adoption of the new SI and its implementation. Kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole will be defined in terms of fixed numerical values of the Planck constant, elementary charge, Boltzmann constant and Avogadro constant, respectively. The effect of the new definition of the kelvin referenced to the value of the Boltzmann constant k is that the kelvin is equal to the change of thermodynamic temperature T that results in a change of thermal energy kT by 1.380 65×10(-23) J. A value of the Boltzmann constant suitable for defining the kelvin is determined by fundamentally different primary thermometers such as acoustic gas thermometers, dielectric constant gas thermometers, noise thermometers and the Doppler broadening technique. Progress to date of the measurements and further perspectives are reported. Necessary conditions to be met before proceeding with changing the definition are given. The consequences of the new definition of the kelvin on temperature measurement are briefly outlined.

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Section: Noise Thermometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Low uncertainty Boltzmann constant determinations and the kelvin redefinition

Fischer¹

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…These signals are distributed through optical fibers in order to minimize electromagnetic interference in the analog electronics. The electronic apparatus is also described in detail elsewhere [7], [13], [14], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Johnson Noise Thermometry Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant With a 200 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Omega$</tex></formula> Sense Resistor

Pollarolo¹,

Jeong²,

Benz³

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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In 2010, the National Institute of Standards and Technology measured the Boltzmann constant k with an electronic technique that measured the Johnson noise of a 100 Ω resistor at the triple point of water and used a voltage waveform synthesized with a quantized voltage noise source (QVNS) as a reference. In this paper, we present measurements of k using a 200 Ω sense resistor and an appropriately modified QVNS circuit and waveform. Preliminary results show agreement with the previous value within the statistical uncertainty. An analysis is presented, where the largest source of uncertainty is identified, which is the frequency dependence in the constant term a 0 of the two-parameter fit.

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“…Other measurements used similar common-mode ferrite chokes between the amplifier and relay circuit boards [34,53]. Some earlier experiments also used high-resistance nichrome wire in series with the sense resistor twisted-pair cable.…”

Section: Relays Connect Voltage Sources To Amplifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The NIST Johnson Noise Thermometry System for the Determination of the Boltzmann Constant

Flowers-Jacobs

Pollarolo

Coakley

et al. 2017

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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In preparation for the redefinition of the International System of Units (SI), five different electronic measurements of the Boltzmann constant have been performed using different Johnson noise thermometry (JNT) systems over the past seven years. In this paper, we describe in detail the JNT system and uncertainty components associated with the most recent National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) determination of the Boltzmann constant: k = 1.380642 9(69) × 10 −23 J/K, with a relative standard uncertainty of 5.0 × 10 −6 and relative offset of −4.05 × 10 −6 from the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) 2014 recommended value. We discuss the input circuits and the approach we used to match the frequency response of two noise sources. We present new measurements of the correlated noise of the 4 K on-chip resistors in the quantum-accurate, pseudorandom, voltagenoise source, which we used to estimate the correlated, frequency-dependent, nonthermal noise in our system. Finally, we contrast our system with those used in other measurements and speculate on future improvements.

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Johnson-noise thermometry based on a quantized-voltage noise source at NIST

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Low uncertainty Boltzmann constant determinations and the kelvin redefinition

Low uncertainty Boltzmann constant determinations and the kelvin redefinition

Johnson Noise Thermometry Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant With a 200 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Omega$</tex></formula> Sense Resistor

The NIST Johnson Noise Thermometry System for the Determination of the Boltzmann Constant

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