John Stuart Mill, Socialist

Abstract

In medical image segmentation, supervised machine learning models trained using one image modality (e.g. computed tomography (CT)) are often prone to failure when applied to another image modality (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) even for the same organ. This is due to the significant intensity variations of different image modalities. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end deep neural network to achieve multi-modality image segmentation, where image labels of only one modality (source domain) are available for model training and the image labels for the other modality (target domain) are not available. In our method, a multi-resolution locally normalized gradient magnitude approach is firstly applied to images of both domains for minimizing the intensity discrepancy. Subsequently, a dual task encoder-decoder network including image segmentation and reconstruction is utilized to effectively adapt a segmentation network to the unlabeled target domain. Additionally, a shape constraint is imposed by leveraging adversarial learning. Finally, images from the target domain are segmented, as the network learns a consistent latent feature representation with shape awareness from both domains. We implement both 2D and 3D versions of our method, in which we evaluate CT and MRI images for kidney and cardiac tissue segmentation. For kidney, a public CT dataset (KiTS19, MICCAI 2019) and a local MRI dataset were utilized. The cardiac dataset was from the Multi-Modality Whole Heart Segmentation (MMWHS) challenge 2017. Experimental results reveal that our proposed method achieves significantly higher performance with a much lower model complexity in comparison with other state-of-the-art methods. More importantly, our method is also capable of producing superior segmentation results than other methods for images of an unseen target domain without model retraining. The code is available at GitHub (https://github.com/MinaJf/LMISA) to encourage method comparison and further research.

Pellagra: Down Not Out If Down and Out (and South) – Part 2

“…As Rousseau, Locke, Paine, John Stuart Mill and many since have pointed out the essence of the social contract and property rights with enclosures is that there is then an obligation to feed those whose land, pasture and hunting rights have been expropriated. Indeed that has often been taken as the hallmark of civilisation even if codes are regularly broken [210]. Many revolts, revolutions and even world wars have been based on the right to subsistence, or used food as a weapon such as the Nazi Hungerplan (see "The taste of war"-Collingham 2012 -for many relevant examples emphasising the need for meat).…”

The effect of denture cleanser 48% sodium bicarbonate on surface roughness changes of heat-cured acrylic resin

“…One example of acrylic resins that use the heat polymerization method is heat-cured acrylic resins, which are often used in the denture base manufacture because they are cheaper, more comfortable to apply, and use more straightforward tools. 1,5 In dentistry, acrylic resin, which uses as a denture base, is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). 6 PMMA chosen because it has non-irritating, nontoxic, insoluble in oral liquids, pleasing aesthetics, easy to process, good color stability, small dimensional change, and low water absorption.…”

Liberal Plebeianism: John Stuart Mill on Democracy, Oligarchy, and Working-Class Mobilization

“…But recent scholarship has challenged conventional understandings of Mill’s liberalism and expanded our understanding of his primary concerns, moving beyond On Liberty to a fuller appreciation of Mill’s vast intellectual corpus 1 . Scholars have rediscovered Mill’s contributions to debates about democratic representation (Thompson 1976; Urbinati 2002), power relations (Baum 2000), gender norms and political economy (Hirschmann 2008), multiculturalism (Marwah 2019), international relations (Varouxakis 2013), economic citizenship (Englert 2016), institutional corruption (Selinger 2019b), and democratic socialism (Baum 2007; McCabe 2021). This paper builds on these sympathetic accounts while moving beyond them by emphasizing Mill’s concrete interactions with working-class movements.…”

“… 15 As McCabe (2021, 7) notes, “there is no consensus about Mill’s socialism,” and his writings on the subject are often seen as tangential and peripheral to his mature liberal project. However, McCabe (2021) vigorously argues that Mill’s views on socialism are central, not peripheral, and that they began at a young age.…”

“… 15 As McCabe (2021, 7) notes, “there is no consensus about Mill’s socialism,” and his writings on the subject are often seen as tangential and peripheral to his mature liberal project. However, McCabe (2021) vigorously argues that Mill’s views on socialism are central, not peripheral, and that they began at a young age. Sarvasy (1984, 586) argues that Mill’s socialist objectives are intricately related to his democratic theory, with the latter being a mechanism for facilitating socialist development; see also Baum (2007), Medearis (2005), and Ten (1998).…”