John Lubbock, caves, and the development of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology

Pettitt, Paul; White, Mark

doi:10.1098/rsnr.2013.0050

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…La préhistoire est subdivisée en plusieurs ères, ceci en référence aux divers outils en pierres ou en autres matériaux progressivement maîtrisés par l'homme et découverts lors d'explorations géo-archéologiques. Plusieurs auteurs sont à l'origine des subdivisions chronologiques de la préhistoire, dès le XIX ème Siècle, en particulier John Lubbock qui distingua deux grandes périodes : Le Paléolithique et le Néolithique [18].…”

Section: La Préhistoireunclassified

Il était une fois les "humains-monstres":Grains d'histoire d'un phénomène venu du fond des âges.

SAHBATOU¹

2018

Preprint

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RésuméD’un point de vue historiographique, la traçabilité de l’étude des malformations congénitales est complexe. Les reconstitutions chronologiques sont difficiles car les données sont fragmentaires, éparses, se perdant dans les méandres même de l’histoire des civilisations et de l’art de soigner en ses débuts. L’empreinte de la mythologie dans tous ses contours et sa diversité a profondément marqué cette branche de la pathologie humaine qu’est la tératologie. En effet, les anomalies physiques humaines ont été pendant de longs siècles un sujet dont l’abord était teinté de multiples incompréhensions, d’appréhensions ou autres approches imaginatives et fabulistes. Le développement puis l’amalgame de cultures d’horizons divers ont contribués à complexifier la perception du phénomène.A travers les développements suivants, nous dessinerons la dynamique de diverses perceptions des difformités humaines à travers l’histoire. Nous citerons également les principales figures scientifiques du XVIIIème ou XIXème siècle qui, grâce à leurs travaux, ont été à l’origine des longs processus de transition conduisant à la naissance de la tératologie humaine.Le recueil et l’analyse de plusieurs sources documentaires d’histoire et publications sur le sujet ont été à la base de ce travail.Mots-Clés : Monstres-Difformités-Mythologie-Tératologie.

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Section: La Préhistoireunclassified

Il était une fois les "humains-monstres":Grains d'histoire d'un phénomène venu du fond des âges.

SAHBATOU¹

2018

Preprint

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“…Analogical reasoning has a long history of informing form-function relationships in stone tool technologies (Key & Lycett, 2017a;Pettitt & White, 2013), including when it comes to edge sharpness. We are as dependent today on hand-held cutting tools as we were during the Palaeolithic, and fundamental principles, such as the impact that edge dulling (reducing sharpness) has on modern metal cutting tool performance, can be readily transferred to stone technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Edge Sharpness on Stone Flakes: Comparing Mechanical and Micro-Geometric Definitions Across Multiple Raw Materials from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)

Key

Bartkowiak

Macdonald

et al. 2022

J Archaeol Method Theory

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In line with engineering research focusing on metal tools, techniques to record the attribute of ‘edge sharpness’ on stone tools can include both mechanical and micro-geometric approaches. Mechanically-defined sharpness techniques used in lithic studies are now well established and align with engineering research. The single micro-geometrically-defined technique—tip curvature—is novel relative to approaches used elsewhere, and has not explicitly been tested for its ability to describe the attribute of sharpness. Here, using experimental flakes produced on basalt, chert, and quartzite sourced at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), we investigate the relationship between tip curvature and the force and work required to initiate a cut. We do this using controlled cutting tests and analysis of high-resolution microCT scans. Results indicate cutting force and work to display significant dependent relationships with tip curvature, suggesting the latter to be an appropriate metric to record the sharpness of lithic tools. Differences in relationship strength were observed dependent on the measurement scales and edge distances used. Tip curvature is also demonstrated to distinguish between the sharpness of different raw materials. Our data also indicate the predictive relationship between tip curvature and cutting force/work to be one of the strongest yet identified between a stone tool morphological attribute and its cutting performance. Together, this study demonstrates tip curvature to be an appropriate attribute for describing the sharpness of a stone tool’s working edge in diverse raw material scenarios, and that it can be highly predictive of a stone tool’s functional performance.

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“…The formal description of loess emerged coeval with the notion of Europe's Pleistocene antiquity and the study of both has evolved, often in tandem, ever since (Marković et al ., 2016; Ding et al ., 2019). While the recognition of the Paleolithic is commonly attributed to early cave excavations and advances in fluvial terrace stratigraphy (Pettitt and White, 2014; de la Torre, 2016; Chauhan et al ., 2017), Paleolithic artifacts were also recognized early in Quaternary loess series in Northern France and Belgium. Loess has therefore had an important historical role in forming concepts and definitions of the Paleolithic (Zeuner, 1956; Sommé and Tuffreau, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The past in dust: current trends and future directions in Pleistocene geoarcheology of European loess

Chu

Nett

2021

J Quaternary Science

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Loess is a main archive of Pleistocene landscapes and environments and therefore has an important connection to the preservation and interpretation of Paleolithic sites. In Europe, anthropogenic sites have been found in loess because of past local occupation. At one extreme, sites are well preserved with minimal disturbance often accompanied by embedded proxies to estimate ecological parameters. On the other hand, loess deposits have undergone post‐depositional alterations such as weathering, pedogenesis or bioturbation due to changing environmental conditions or other disturbances that obscure anthropogenic sites. We outline the current state of research and connections between Paleolithic archeology and loess research while introducing a series of subsequent regional case studies as part of a special issue. We also make recommendations for future work to incorporate a wider variety of methods to create more robust inferences on hominin and environmental evolution and their connections.

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John Lubbock, caves, and the development of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Il était une fois les "humains-monstres":Grains d'histoire d'un phénomène venu du fond des âges.

Il était une fois les "humains-monstres":Grains d'histoire d'un phénomène venu du fond des âges.

Quantifying Edge Sharpness on Stone Flakes: Comparing Mechanical and Micro-Geometric Definitions Across Multiple Raw Materials from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)

The past in dust: current trends and future directions in Pleistocene geoarcheology of European loess

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