Job strain and effort-reward imbalance as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Pena-Gralle, Ana Paula Bruno; Talbot, Denis; Duchaine, Caroline; Lavigne-Robichaud, Mathilde; Trudel, Xavier; Aubé, Karine; Gralle, Matthias; Gilbert-Ouimet, Mahée; Milot, Alain; Brisson, Chantal

doi:10.5271/sjweh.3987

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Results of the present study are in line with previous literature, which reported a stronger and more consistent association between psychosocial stressors at work and T2DM among women (8, 13). A recent systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of ERI on T2DM incidence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Effort-reward imbalance at work, glycated hemoglobin and prediabetes prevalence in a prospective cohort

Riopel

Trudel

Milot

et al. 2023

Preprint

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ContextProspective studies and meta-analyses suggest that psychosocial stressors at work from the effort-reward imbalance model are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Prediabetes is an intermediate disorder on the glucose metabolism continuum. It increases the risk of developing T2DM, while also being separately associated with increased mortality. Evidence about the effect of effort-reward imbalance at work on prediabetes is scarce.ObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate, in women and men, the association between effort-reward imbalance at work, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration and the prevalence of prediabetes in a prospective cohort study.MethodsData were collected from 1,463 white-collar workers followed for an average of 16 years. Effort-reward imbalance at work (ERI) was measured in 1999-2001 using a validated instrument. HbA1c was assessed at follow-up (2015-18) using the immunochemical method. Several covariates were considered including sociodemographics, anthropometric, and lifestyle risk factors. Differences in mean HbA1c concentration were estimated with linear models. Prediabetes prevalence ratios (PRs) were computed using generalized linear models.ResultsIn women, those exposed to effort-reward imbalance at work had a higher prevalence of prediabetes (adjusted PR=1.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0-2.3). There was no difference in HbA1c concentration among those exposed and those unexposed to an effort-reward imbalance at work.ConclusionAmong women, effort-reward imbalance at work was associated with the prevalence of prediabetes. Preventive workplace interventions targeting these psychosocial stressors at work may be effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of prediabetes among women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous evidence suggests that psychosocial stressors at work are associated with an increased risk T2DM (7, 8). Two well defined and empirically supported models have been used to assess the adverse effect of psychosocial stressors at work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effort-reward imbalance at work, glycated hemoglobin and prediabetes prevalence in a prospective cohort

Riopel

Trudel

Milot

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…and meta-analyses on various stressors in relation to obesity, type 2 diabetes and liver disease are summarised in table 3 23,96,124,125,131,132,[135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150] . The relative risk estimates have varied between 1.1 and 1.5 for markers of stress, such as PSTD, workplace bullying, psychological distress, job strain, long working hours, effort-reward imbalance and stressful life events.…”

Section: The Scale Of the Problem (A Horizontal Comparison) Findings ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiple roles of life stress in metabolic disorders

2022

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The stress response is evolutionarily conserved across vertebrates to maintain homeostasis, but in excess can be damaging for body functions. We review the most recent research from basic sciences and epidemiology linking stress to the development and progression of metabolic disorders across the life course. Findings from rodents demonstrate that stress can affect features of metabolic dysfunction, such as insulin resistance, glucose and lipid homeostasis, as well as fundamental ageing processes such as cellular senescence and telomere length shortening. In human studies, stressors in the home, workplace and neighbourhood are associated with accelerated biological ageing and metabolic and immune alterations, both directly as well as indirectly via behavioural risks, including low physical activity, sleep disturbances, and alcohol abuse. The likelihood of developing clinical conditions, such as diabetes and fatty liver disease is increased in individuals with adverse childhood experiences or long-term stress at work or in private life -often as part of disease trajectories associated with other stress-related disorders, such as mental health problems, cardiovascular disease and increased susceptibility to infections. Among people with a metabolic disorder, stress may worsen disease prognosis. As favourable modifications in stressors are associated with reductions in incidence of metabolic disorders, the therapeutic value of targeting stress in personalised medicine merits further investigation.

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“…Most of the previous research on work-related exposures and risk of DM has focused on job strain (2,9,28,29), with a smaller body of research focused on long working hours, burnout, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, and bullying and violence (4–8). The studies examining the relationships of overqualification and health and well-being outcomes have overwhelmingly used subjective measures of overqualification (perceived overqualification) (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Overqualification and Incident Diabetes: A 14-Year Follow-Up Study

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveRecent research identified that workplace factors play a role in the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study examines the longitudinal association of work-related overqualification with the incidence of DM over a 14-year follow-up period.MethodsWe used data from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey linked to the Ontario Health Insurance Plan and the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract databases. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to evaluate the relationship between overqualification and the incidence of DM.ResultsOver the study period, there were 91,835 person-years of follow-up (median follow-up = 13.7 years). The final sample included 7026 respondents (mean [standard deviation] age at baseline = 47.1 [8.2]; 47% female). An elevated risk of DM was associated with substantial overqualification (hazard ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–2.49) after adjustment for sociodemographic, health, and work variables. Additional adjustment for body mass index and health behaviors attenuated this risk (hazard ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.81–2.08). Underqualification was not associated with the incidence of DM in adjusted regression models. We did not observe any statistical difference in the effects of overqualification on DM risk across sex or education groups.ConclusionsThis study adds to the growing body of research literature uncovering the relationships between work exposures and DM risk. The results from the study suggest that higher body mass index and, to a lesser extent, health behaviors may be mediating factors in the association between overqualification and incident DM. Further research on the association of overqualification with DM is warranted.

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Job strain and effort-reward imbalance as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Abstract: Job strain and effort-reward imbalance as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Cited by 18 publications

References 55 publications

Effort-reward imbalance at work, glycated hemoglobin and prediabetes prevalence in a prospective cohort

Effort-reward imbalance at work, glycated hemoglobin and prediabetes prevalence in a prospective cohort

The multiple roles of life stress in metabolic disorders

The Relationship Between Overqualification and Incident Diabetes: A 14-Year Follow-Up Study

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