Job Intensity

How Livelihood Change Affects Food Choice Behaviors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

“…Informal food retailers were particularly adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with closure of markets resulting in loss of income and amplifying risks of food insecurity [ 110 ]. Because of the lack of proper guidance and implementation in other informal sector occupations, the issue of worker exploitation continues to present challenges, as these occupations are “under the table” and workers typically do not receive benefits, injury protection, or job security, which can hinder the ability to access nutritious foods and healthcare [ 7 ].…”

“…In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), over 75% of eligible adult workers are employed in the informal sector (e.g., occupations not subject to labor regulation, taxation, social protection, or benefits) [ 6 ]. Some livelihoods involve precarious conditions, including, intermittent work, more hours per week, lack of occupational safety and social protection, and limited free time [ 7 ]. Furthermore, work and income instability, particularly in the informal sector, disproportionally involve communities in poverty and add to the challenges faced in daily living.…”

Work–Family Conflict and Its Sustainability Implications among Married Immigrants Working in the USA

“…Job intensity is a multidimensional concept reflecting the relation of activities required by a job (e.g., cognitive or behavioral tasks) to capacities inherent to the job holder (e.g., knowledge, skills) or available tools [22]. This is an apt concept because the ideal scenario is a capacity that is just sufficient to meet the required activities, which is similar to the main driver of human development (i.e., progressively more complex person-environment interactions; Bronfenbrenner and Ceci [20]) underlying our guiding theoretical framework [5].…”