JNK MAP kinase is involved in the humoral immune response of the greater wax moth larvae <i>Galleria mellonella</i>

Wojda, Iwona; Kowalski, Patryk; Jakubowicz, Teresa

doi:10.1002/arch.20001

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This was accompanied by down-regulation of two Imd pathway genes, Tab (GB18650) and Tak1 (GB14664). These genes function in the regulation of the JNK pathway, which is believed to be involved in negative and positive feedback for AMP synthesis [59]. Three out of five genes were up-regulated from the JAK/STAT pathway, which is thought to contribute to immunity by inducing production of hemocytes and induction of complement-like factors [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strong Immune Response in Young Adult Honeybees Masks Their Increased Susceptibility to Infection Compared to Older Bees

et al. 2012

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Honeybees, Apis mellifera, show age-related division of labor in which young adults perform maintenance (“housekeeping”) tasks inside the colony before switching to outside foraging at approximately 23 days old. Disease resistance is an important feature of honeybee biology, but little is known about the interaction of pathogens and age-related division of labor. We tested a hypothesis that older forager bees and younger “house” bees differ in susceptibility to infection. We coupled an infection bioassay with a functional analysis of gene expression in individual bees using a whole genome microarray. Forager bees treated with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. survived for significantly longer than house bees. This was concomitant with substantial differences in gene expression including genes associated with immune function. In house bees, infection was associated with differential expression of 35 candidate immune genes contrasted with differential expression of only two candidate immune genes in forager bees. For control bees (i.e. not treated with M. anisopliae) the development from the house to the forager stage was associated with differential expression of 49 candidate immune genes, including up-regulation of the antimicrobial peptide gene abaecin, plus major components of the Toll pathway, serine proteases, and serpins. We infer that reduced pathogen susceptibility in forager bees was associated with age-related activation of specific immune system pathways. Our findings contrast with the view that the immunocompetence in social insects declines with the onset of foraging as a result of a trade-off in the allocation of resources for foraging. The up-regulation of immune-related genes in young adult bees in response to M. anisopliae infection was an indicator of disease susceptibility; this also challenges previous research in social insects, in which an elevated immune status has been used as a marker of increased disease resistance and fitness without considering the effects of age-related development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strong Immune Response in Young Adult Honeybees Masks Their Increased Susceptibility to Infection Compared to Older Bees

et al. 2012

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“…For example, components of the Imd pathway can activate the JNK pathway, which leads to, among other things, the transcriptional activation of antimicrobial genes (Boutros et al, 2002; Wojda et al, 2004). Also, the insulin/insulin growth factor-1 signaling pathway is involved in the anti- Plasmodium response of mosquitoes (Pakpour et al, 2014), and RNA interference pathways (RNAi), which are discussed in greater detail in section 5.5, are essential components of the antiviral response.…”

Section: Immune Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect immunology and hematopoiesis

Hillyer

2016

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

397

345

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Insects combat infection by mounting powerful immune responses that are mediated by hemocytes, the fat body, the midgut, the salivary glands and other tissues. Foreign organisms that have entered the body of an insect are recognized by the immune system when pathogen-associated molecular patterns bind host-derived pattern recognition receptors. This, in turn, activates immune signaling pathways that amplify the immune response, induce the production of factors with antimicrobial activity, and activate effector pathways. Among the immune signaling pathways are the Toll, Imd, Jak/Stat, JNK, and insulin pathways. Activation of these and other pathways leads to pathogen killing via phagocytosis, melanization, cellular encapsulation, nodulation, lysis, RNAi-mediated virus destruction, autophagy and apoptosis. This review details these and other aspects of immunity in insects, and discusses how the immune and circulatory systems have co-adapted to combat infection, how hemocyte replication and differentiation takes place (hematopoiesis), how an infection prepares an insect for a subsequent infection (immune priming), how environmental factors such as temperature and the age of the insect impact the immune response, and how social immunity protects entire groups. Finally, this review highlights some underexplored areas in the field of insect immunobiology.

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“…The streptomycin-resistant E. coli strain D31 (CGSC5165) obtained from the E. coli genetic stock centre, New Haven, CT [28] was used for preparation of the plates as described [29]. Hemolymph samples of an equal total protein concentration in a volume of 5 µl were applied to the plates.…”

Section: Determination Of Defence Activity In the Hemolymph Of Gallermentioning

confidence: 99%

Galleria mellonella infected with Bacillus thuringiensis involves Hsp90

Wojda

Kowalski

2013

Open Life Sciences

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Insects are good models for studying the innate immune response. We report that Galleria mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki show changes in the level of Hsp90. Our experimental approach was to pre-treat larvae with the Hsp90-binding compound, 17-DMAG, before infection with B. thuringiensis. We show that pre-treated animals display a higher level of immune response. This was mainly manifested by enhanced action of their hemolymph directed toward living bacteria as well as lysozyme activity digesting bacterial peptidoglycan. The observed phenomenon was due to the higher activity of antimicrobial peptides which, in contrast to healthy animals, was detected in the hemolymph of the immunestimulated larvae. Finally, the physiological significance of our observation was highlighted by the fact that G. mellonella pre-treated with 17-DMAG showed a prolonged survival rate after infection with B. thuringiensis than the control animals. Our report points to a role for Hsp90 in the immune response of G. mellonella after infection with B. thuringiensis at the optimal growth temperature.

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JNK MAP kinase is involved in the humoral immune response of the greater wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

A Strong Immune Response in Young Adult Honeybees Masks Their Increased Susceptibility to Infection Compared to Older Bees

A Strong Immune Response in Young Adult Honeybees Masks Their Increased Susceptibility to Infection Compared to Older Bees

Insect immunology and hematopoiesis

Galleria mellonella infected with Bacillus thuringiensis involves Hsp90

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