JMM Profile: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: a major cause of lung disease in pigs but difficult to control and eradicate

Stringer, Oliver W; Li, Yanwen; Bossé, Janine T.; Langford, Paul

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001483

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Two biotypes and 19 serovars (serotypes) can be differentiated within the species; however, sometimes nontypable strains can also occur. Strains of biotype I need nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, V-factor) to culture, while biotype II strains can replicate without it [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. A. pleuropneumoniae can infect domestic pigs but occasionally it can also colonize wild boars [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars in Hungary

Kardos

Sárközi

Laczkó

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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A total of 114 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from porcine hemorrhagic necrotic pleuropneumonia were characterized by the examination of biotype, serovar, antibiotic resistance genes, and genes of toxin production. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze their genetic relationship, which identified 16 clusters. Serovar 2 (50 isolates), serovar 13 (25 isolates), serovar 9 (11 isolates), and serovar 16 (7 isolates) were the most frequent serovars. Serovar 2 formed nine distinguishable clusters; serovar 13 and serovar 16 were less diverse, exhibiting two potentially related subclusters; serovar 9 was represented by a single cluster. Remarkably small differences were seen in the core genome when nine representative isolates of serovar 13 were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Tetracycline resistance was relatively frequent in the two clusters of serovar 13; one of them was also frequently resistant against beta-lactams. Resistance in other serovars was sporadic. All isolates carried the apxIV gene. The toxin profiles of serovar 2 were characterized by the production of ApxII and ApxIII toxins, except for a small cluster of three isolates: serovar 9 and serovar 16 isolates produced ApxI and ApxII toxins. Serovar 13 carried apxII and apxIBD genes, indicating the production of the ApxII toxin, but not of ApxI or ApxIII. The unusually high frequency and low diversity of serovar 13 are not explained by its virulence properties, but the high frequency of resistance to beta-lactams and tetracyclines may have played a role in its spread. The emergence of serovar 16 may be facilitated by its high virulence, also explaining its high clonality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars in Hungary

Kardos

Sárközi

Laczkó

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Section: Full-textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this issue we are very pleased to publish our first veterinary Pathogen Profile focusing on an important bacterial disease of pigs: ‘ Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae : a major cause of lung disease in pigs, but difficult to control and eradicate’, by Professor Paul Langford and colleagues from Imperial College London [ 7 ]. A. pleuropneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen of pigs that is responsible for significant economic and health and welfare issues in the pig industry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

JMM Profiles for the Journal of Medical Microbiology: an update

Fry¹,

Ragione

2022

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…A. pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium with a coccobacillary morphology. It is non-motile, naturally capable of transformation, and a facultative anaerobe [2]. A. pleuropneumoniae is categorized into two biovars, where biovar 1 strains necessitate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for growth, whereas biovar 2 strains do not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhein kills Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, reduces biofilm formation, and effectively treats bacterial lung infections in mice

Ding,

Bai,

Luo

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Background. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, is known for its highly infectious nature and is the primary causative agent of infectious pleuropneumonia in pigs. This disease poses a considerable threat to the global pig industry and leads to substantial economic losses due to reduced productivity, increased mortality rates, and the need for extensive veterinary care and treatment. Due to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains, Chinese herbal medicine is considered one of the best alternatives to antibiotics due to its unique mechanism of action and other properties. As a type of Chinese herbal medicine, Rhein has the advantages of a wide antibacterial spectrum and is less likely to develop drug resistance, which can perfectly solve the limitations of current antibacterial treatments. Methods. The killing effect of Rhein on A. pleuropneumoniae was detected by fluorescence quantification of differential expression changes of key genes, and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in A. pleuropneumoniae status after Rhein treatment. Establishing a mouse model to observe the treatment of Rhein after A. pleuropneumoniae infection. Results. Here, in this study, we found that Rhein had a good killing effect on A. pleuropneumoniae and that the MIC was 25 µg ml−1. After 3 h of action, Rhein (4×MIC) completely kills A. pleuropneumoniae and Rhein has good stability. In addition, the treatment with Rhein (1×MIC) significantly reduced the formation of bacterial biofilms. Therapeutic evaluation in a murine model showed that Rhein protects mice from A. pleuropneumoniae and relieves lung inflammation. Quantitative RT-PCR (Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is a molecular biology technique that combines both reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction methods to quantitatively detect the amount of a specific RNA molecule) results showed that Rhein treatment significantly downregulated the expression of the IL-18 (Interleukin refers to a class of cytokines produced by white blood cells), TNF-α, p65 and p38 genes. Along with the downregulation of genes such as IL-18, it means that Rhein has an inhibitory effect on the expression of these genes, thereby reducing the activation of inflammatory cells and the production of inflammatory mediators. This helps reduce inflammation and protects tissue from further damage. Conclusions. This study reports the activity of Rhein against A. pleuropneumoniae and its mechanism, and reveals the ability of Rhein to treat A. pleuropneumoniae infection in mice, laying the foundation for the development of new drugs for bacterial infections.

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JMM Profile: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: a major cause of lung disease in pigs but difficult to control and eradicate

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars in Hungary

Genetic Diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars in Hungary

JMM Profiles for the Journal of Medical Microbiology: an update

Rhein kills Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, reduces biofilm formation, and effectively treats bacterial lung infections in mice

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