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Formation of Peroxynitrite from Reaction of Nitroxyl Anion with Molecular Oxygen

“…The pathological activity of ONOO Ϫ is closely related to its reaction with CO 2 (3), thereby producing the highly reactive radicals CO 3 . (4,5) and NO 2 ⅐ (6) with a yield of about 30 -35% (7)(8)(9). Consequently, peroxynitrite can nitrate tyrosine (10) and oxidizes protein and non-protein sulfhydryls (11), membrane phospholipids (12), low density lipoproteins (13), ascorbate (14), and NAD(P)H (15).…”

Bicarbonate Enhances the Peroxidase Activity of Cu,Zn-Superoxide Dismutase

“…Recently, using a rapid mixing continuous flow ESR, CO 3 . production from peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide was detected at physiological pH levels (32,37). It is conceivable that CO 3 .…”

Ascorbate Is a Potent Antioxidant against Peroxynitrite-induced Oxidation Reactions

“…In view of the facts, however, that (i) in the presence of physiological concentrations of HCO 3 Ϫ /CO 2 peroxynitrite preferentially reacts with CO 2 (14) to produce the radicals CO 3 . (15,16) and NO 2 ⅐ (17) with a yield of about 30 -35% (18 -20) and (ii) the reactivity of ascorbate on both radicals is high (1), we hypothesized that ascorbate indeed should be an effective peroxynitrite antagonist under in vivo conditions. Furthermore, ascorbate can often restitute a substrate by rereducing the corresponding substrate radical or radical cation (21)(22)(23), i.e.…”