“…This led to the further development and application of spatially explicit, individual-based, population dynamics models, linked to "real-landscapes", used to explore the risk of SQPV spread along a network of woodlands and dispersal corridors into Kielder Forest, Northumberland (the first English Squirrel reserve; Gurnell et al, 2006). Similar models have also been used to simulate the likely gray squirrel expansion in Italy (Lurz et al, 2001;Tattoni et al, 2005Tattoni et al, , 2006Bertolino et al, 2008), as well as Ireland, and to inform disease, habitat and gray squirrel population management (White et al, 2014;Goldstein et al, 2016;Jones et al, 2017;Slade et al, 2020Slade et al, , 2021. Current frameworks are starting to address multi-species and ecosystem impacts such as the presence of a predator and/or the availability of different prey species on red-gray squirrel disease-mediated competition and population dynamics (Roberts and Heesterbeek, 2021;Slade et al, 2022a,b).…”