Untitled

Abstract

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are chemotherapeutics that are extensively used in various animal species. Little information about the pharmacokinetics of these compounds in chickens exists in the literature. In this study, a new commercial formulation of sulfadiazine in combination with trimethoprim was administered both intravenously and orally, according to a crossover design, to healthy, 7-week-old broilers. The plasma concentrations of the drugs were determined by validated high-performance liquid chromatographic methods, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. After intravenous or oral administration of trimethoprim (6.67 mg/kg body weight) and sulfadiazine (33.34 mg/kg body weight), both active substances were rapidly eliminated from the plasma. There was a mean half-life of 1.61 h for trimethoprim and 3.2 h for sulfadiazine. The apparent volumes of distribution (2.2 and 0.43 L/kg, respectively, indicated that the tissue distribution of trimethoprim was more extensive than that of sulfadiazine. The oral bioavailability was approximately 80% for both components.

Comparative Pharmacokinetic of Three Sulfadiazine Suspensions by Oral Administration in Chickens

“…Others researchers reported different half-lives for SDA ranging from 1.13 h from Dagorn et al (1991) to 2.8 h from Batzias et al (2000). In the present study, the half-life values of SDA for all three preparations were higher than those reported previously by Löscher et al (1990) and Baert et al (2003). This extended half-life could be due to delayed absorption caused by the presence of food in the intestine or differences in oral dose administration.…”

“…Löscher et al (1990) reported that SDA and TMP were rapidly eliminated from plasma following oral administration, with half-lives of 2.7 h and 1 h, respectively. In contrast Baert et al (2003) reported mean half-lives of 3.2 h and 3.71 h following intravenous or oral administration of SDA (33.34 mg/kg), respectively. Others researchers reported different half-lives for SDA ranging from 1.13 h from Dagorn et al (1991) to 2.8 h from Batzias et al (2000).…”

“…C max and T max are also important parameters of the plasma profile, and could affect the therapeutic use of a drug. Baert et al (2003) reported mean values for SDA in broiler of 292.1 mg/h/L, 39.32 mg/L and 1.64 h for AUC, C max and T max , respectively. In the present study, AUC (86.81-119.54 mg/h/L) and C max (10.6-15.64 mg/L) for SDA were significantly lower.…”

“…There are only a few reports in the literature regarding the pharmacokinetics of SDA and TMP combination products in chickens, and the results are controversial (Löscher et al, 1990;Baert et al, 2003). Löscher et al (1990) reported that SDA and TMP were rapidly eliminated from plasma following oral administration, with half-lives of 2.7 h and 1 h, respectively.…”

“…The pharmacokinetic profile of SDA and TMP used together has been reported for chicken (Löscher et al, 1990;Batzias et al, 2000;Baert et al, 2003) and ostrich (Abu-Basha et al, 2009). Studies in other species such as swine (Søli et al, 1990;Nielsen & Gyrd-Hansen, 1994;Garwacki et al, 1996;Baert et al, 2001), cattle , camel (Kumar et al, 1998), horse (Brown et al, 1983;, dog (Sigel et al, 1981), donkey (Oukessou et al, 1998), Japanese quail (Lashev et al, 1994) and carp (Nouws et al, 1993) have also been performed.…”