Jetting during oblique impacts of spherical impactors

Wakita, Shigeru; Johnson, Brandon C.; Denton, C. A.; Davison, T. M.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114365

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The solid planetesimals in the high-velocity (jet) scenario by Johnson et al (2015) mitigate this problem, but the production rates of chondrules by this scenario are low. Just a few percent of the mass of the colliding planetesimals turns into chondrules (Johnson et al 2015;Wakita et al 2017Wakita et al , 2021. Though Johnson et al (2015) and Hasegawa et al (2016) confirmed that the cumulative mass of chondrules exceeding the present asteroid belt mass could be formed in the asteroid region in the jet scenario, it remains uncertain whether this efficiency and the amount of production of the chondrules are sufficient to explain the current occurrence of chondrules in chondrites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The planetesimal collision model is divided into two scenarios: low velocity (e.g., Asphaug et al 2011) and high velocity (e.g., Johnson et al 2015;Hasegawa et al 2016;Wakita et al 2017Wakita et al , 2021. Asphaug et al (2011) suggested a scenario where the splash ejected from the planetesimals melting due to the energy input from the decay of 26 Al crystallizes to be chondrules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooling Rates of Chondrules after Lightning Discharge in Solid-rich Environments

Kaneko

Sato

Ikeda

et al. 2023

ApJ

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Among the several candidate models for chondrule formation, the lighting model has been recognized to be less likely than the other two major models, shock-wave heating and planetesimal collision. It might be because we have believed that the lightning model predicts cooling rates of chondrules that are too fast to reproduce their textures with the assumption that the discharge channels must be optically thin. However, the previous works revealed that the buildup of a strong electric field to generate the lightning in protoplanetary disks requires the enhancement of the solid density. Moreover, some properties of chondrules indicate their formation in environments with such a high solid density. Therefore, the discharge channels may be optically thick, and the lightning model can potentially predict the proper cooling rates of chondrules. In this study, we reinvestigate the cooling rates of chondrules produced by the lightning in the solid-rich environments considering the radiative transfer and the expansion of the hot channel. Chondrules must interact dynamically with the surrounding gas and dust via the drag force. We consider two limiting cases for the dynamics of chondrules: the drag force is ignored in the first case, and chondrules are completely coupled with their surroundings in the second case. In both cases, the lightning model predicts the proper cooling rates of chondrules under the optically thick conditions with high solid enhancement. Therefore, the lightning model is worth further investigation to judge its reliability as the source of chondrule formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling Rates of Chondrules after Lightning Discharge in Solid-rich Environments

Kaneko

Sato

Ikeda

et al. 2023

ApJ

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“…To explain the formation of glass-filled, shock-fractured quartz, Kieffer [58,59] proposed a process called "jetting," in which molten quartz is injected under high pressure and high temperatures into shock-generated fractures in the grains. Wakita et al [71] observed that during the early stages of an impact, molten material might be jetted when the impactor contacts target rocks. Hermes et al [32] showed that nuclear airbursts can create a lower-pressure variety of glass-filled, shock-fractured quartz that does not require a typical crater-forming impact event.…”

Section: Shock Metamorphism In Airburstsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum, shock-fractured quartz, microspherules, and meltglass widely distributed in Eastern USA at the Younger Dryas onset (12.8 ka)

Moore,

LeCompte,

Kennett

et al. 2024

Airbursts and Cratering Impacts

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Sediment sequences spanning the 12,800-year-old lower Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) were investigated at three widely separated sites in eastern North America (Parsons Island, Maryland, a Newtonville sandpit in southern New Jersey, and Flamingo Bay, South Carolina). All sequences examined exhibit peak abundances in platinum (Pt), microspherules, and meltglass representing the YDB cosmic impact layer resulting from the airbursts/impacts of a fragmented comet ∼12,800 years ago. The evidence is consistent with the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis (YDIH) recorded at ∼50 other sites across North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Greenland ice sheet. These sequences were also examined for shock-fractured quartz, based on a recent study suggesting that low-shock metamorphism may result from low-altitude bolide airbursts similar to that observed during near-surface atomic detonations. Now, for the first time in a suite of well-separated sites in North America, we report in the YDB the presence of quartz grains exhibiting shock fractures containing amorphous silica. We also find in the YDB high-temperature melted chromferide, zircon, quartz, titanomagnetite, ulvöspinel, magnetite, native iron, and PGEs with equilibrium melting points (∼1,250° to 3,053°C) that rule out anthropogenic origins for YDB microspherules. The collective evidence meets the criteria for classification as an “impact spherule datum.”

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“…This discrepancy can be explained in part by the decay of shock pressure during spherical jetting as the newly initiated jet envelops and expels mass. It takes some time after initiation for substantial mass to be engulfed into the jet, and by this time the driving pressure associated with the jet may have decayed ( 34 , 52 ). Here, we calculate an experimental value of f similarly to Kurosawa et al ( 45 ) (see Supplementary Equation (5) ).…”

Section: A Jet-based Mechanism For the Impact Flashmentioning

confidence: 99%

First contact: Fine structure of the impact flash and ejecta during hypervelocity impact

et al. 2023

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Hypervelocity impacts are a significant threat in low-earth orbit and in hypersonic flight applications. The earliest observable phenomena and mechanisms activated under these extreme conditions are typically obscured by a very bright flash, called the impact flash, that contains the signatures of the critical mechanisms, the impacting materials, and the impact environment. However, these signatures have been very difficult to observe because of the small length and time scales involved coupled with the high intensities associated with the flash. Here we perform experiments investigating the structure and characteristics of the impact flash generated by 3 km s−1 spherical projectile impacts on structural metals using temporally co-registered high-resolution diagnostics. Reciprocal impact configurations, in which the projectile and target material are swapped, are used to demonstrate the coupling of early-stage mechanisms in the flash and later-stage ejection mechanisms responsible for the development of the impact crater.

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Jetting during oblique impacts of spherical impactors

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Cooling Rates of Chondrules after Lightning Discharge in Solid-rich Environments

Cooling Rates of Chondrules after Lightning Discharge in Solid-rich Environments

Platinum, shock-fractured quartz, microspherules, and meltglass widely distributed in Eastern USA at the Younger Dryas onset (12.8 ka)

First contact: Fine structure of the impact flash and ejecta during hypervelocity impact

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