Jet Fuel Selectivity in Hydrocracking

Hydrocracking of n‐heptane with a NiO‐MoO3/HYUS zeolite as catalyst. Kinetic study

“…El-Kady et al (1983) have worked with n-heptane using Pt over silica-alumina as a catalyst and their results have also agreed well with a pseudo-first order kinetics. The same conclusions have been obtained by Gol'dfarb et al (1977) studying the n-decane hydrocracking reaction with Ni-Mo/alumina catalysts and by other workers such as Flock et al (1976), Stangeland and Kittrell(1972), etc. On the other hand, recently, new kinetic models have appeared in which an attempt has been made to reflect the physico-chemical basis of the process.…”

Continuous lumping model for simulation of hydrocracking

“…Different models based on the discrete lumping approach have been developed by Weekman and Nace (1970), Orochko et al (1970), Quader (1970), Nace et al (1971), Stangeland and Kittrell (1972), Zhorov (19711, Usami (1972) and Tom et al (1972). All of these workers developed models based on some form of lumping of the compound types present in the feed stocks and products (e.g., lumps of LPG, gasoline, diesel, etc.…”

Solving linear diffusion‐reaction networks in porous catalyst particles using BEM

“…Also the linear approximation in itself could be a reasonable assumption for practical applications in view of the complexity of the system. For example, a network of linear reactions is used as a "lumped" kinetic model for the process of catalytic cracking in petroleum industry (Stangeland and Kittrel, 1972). Even with this linear approximation, the estimation of the key design parameters such as the yield and the selectivity is a challenging task unless the catalyst geometry is regular (like slab, cylinder, and sphere) and the boundary conditions are uniform.…”