Jet Engine Coatings for Resisting Volcanic Ash Damage

Drexler, Julie M.; Gledhill, Andrew D.; Shinoda, Kentaro; Vasiliev, Alexander L.; Reddy, Kolan Madhav; Sampath, Sanjay; Padture, Nitin P.

doi:10.1002/adma.201004783

Cited by 213 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…6), and the corresponding SAEDPs (Figs. 7B, 7C, and 7D) Recently, molten volcanic ash has also been found to attack APS 7YSZ TBCs via similar mechanisms [25]. Results presented in Figs.…”

Section: Epoxy Mountmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…One such TBC composition is ZrO 2 (71.4 mol% or 73.0 wt%) containing 3.6 mol% (6.8 wt%) Y 2 O 3 , 20.0 mol% (16.9 wt%) Al 2 O 3 , and 5.0 mol% (3.3 wt%) TiO 2 in solid solution (YSZ+Al+Ti) which has been designed to resist attack by molten CMAS and volcanic ash, and it has been shown to be effective [19,22,[24][25][26]. Another TBC composition is gadolinium zirconate Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 , which was originally developed as an alternative to 7YSZ TBCs due to the much lower (about half) thermal conductivity of Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of Thermal Barrier Coatings from Deposits and Its Mitigation

Padture¹

2011

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Ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in gas-turbine engines afford higher operating temperatures, resulting in enhanced efficiencies and performance. However, in the case of syngas-fired engines, fly ash particulate impurities that may be present in syngas can melt on the hotter TBC surfaces and form glassy deposits. These deposits can penetrate the TBCs leading to their failure. In experiments using lignite fly ash to simulate these conditions we show that conventional TBCs of composition 93wt% ZrO 2 + 7wt% Y 2 O 3 (7YSZ) fabricated using the air plasma spray (APS) process are completely destroyed by the molten fly ash. The molten fly ash is found to penetrate the full thickness of the TBC. The mechanisms by which this occurs appear to be similar to those observed in degradation of 7YSZ TBCs by molten calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate (CMAS) sand and by molten volcanic ash in aircraft engines. In contrast, APS TBCs of Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 composition are highly resistant to attack by molten lignite fly ash under identical conditions, where the molten ash penetrates ~25% of TBC thickness. This damage mitigation appears to be due to the formation of an impervious, stable crystalline layer at the fly ash/Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 TBC interface arresting the penetrating moltenfly-ash front. Additionally, these TBCs were tested using a rig with thermal gradient and simultaneous accumulation of ash. Modeling using an established mechanics model has been performed to illustrate the modes of delamination, as well as further opportunities to optimize coating microstructure. Transfer of the technology was developed in this program to all interested parties.

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“…6), and the corresponding SAEDPs (Figs. 7B, 7C, and 7D) Recently, molten volcanic ash has also been found to attack APS 7YSZ TBCs via similar mechanisms [25]. Results presented in Figs.…”

Section: Epoxy Mountmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Thermal Barrier Coatings from Deposits and Its Mitigation

Padture¹

2011

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“…Large databases have been compiled documenting impacts to airports between 1944 and 2006 (Guffanti et al 2008) and aircraft between 1953(Guffanti et al 2010. A number of experiments have been undertaken to examine tephra impacts, particularly engine damage, to aircraft inflight (e.g., Drexler et al 2011;Dunn 2012;Shinozaki et al 2013;Davison and Rutke 2014;Song et al 2014). Impacts to rail networks are relatively poorly documented, with the only available information from six eruptions.…”

Section: Available Tephra Fall Vulnerability Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for developing volcanic fragility and vulnerability functions for critical infrastructure

Wilson

Deligne

et al. 2017

J Appl. Volcanol.

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Volcanic risk assessment using probabilistic models is increasingly desired for risk management, particularly for loss forecasting, critical infrastructure management, land-use planning and evacuation planning. Over the past decades this has motivated the development of comprehensive probabilistic hazard models. However, volcanic vulnerability models of equivalent sophistication have lagged behind hazard modelling because of the lack of evidence, data and, until recently, minimal demand. There is an increasingly urgent need for development of quantitative volcanic vulnerability models, including vulnerability and fragility functions, which provide robust quantitative relationships between volcanic impact (damage and disruption) and hazard intensity. The functions available to date predominantly quantify tephra fall impacts to buildings, driven by life safety concerns. We present a framework for establishing quantitative relationships between volcanic impact and hazard intensity, specifically through the derivation of vulnerability and fragility functions. We use tephra thickness and impacts to key infrastructure sectors as examples to demonstrate our framework. Our framework incorporates impact data sources, different impact intensity scales, preparation and fitting of data, uncertainty analysis and documentation. The primary data sources are post-eruption impact assessments, supplemented by laboratory experiments and expert judgment, with the latter drawing upon a wealth of semi-quantitative and qualitative studies. Different data processing and function fitting techniques can be used to derive functions; however, due to the small datasets currently available, simplified approaches are discussed. We stress that documentation of data processing, assumptions and limitations is the most important aspect of function derivation; documentation provides transparency and allows others to update functions more easily. Following our standardised approach, a volcanic risk scientist can derive a fragility or vulnerability function, which then can be easily compared to existing functions and updated as new data become available. To demonstrate how to apply our framework, we derive fragility and vulnerability functions for discrete tephra fall impacts to electricity supply, water supply, wastewater and transport networks. These functions present the probability of an infrastructure site or network component equalling or exceeding one of four impact states as a function of tephra thickness.

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“…Este ataque ocorre em função da ingestão de finas partículas provenientes do ambiente, como areia, cinza vulcânica, etc. [74,75] e afeta diretamente o desempenho dos revestimentos e, consequentemente, das turbinas em altas temperaturas. Diversas pesquisas continuam a ser desenvolvidas em todo o mundo na busca de atender as demandas da área aeroespacial e automotiva, principais usuários dos revestimentos para barreira térmica [76,77].…”

Section: Outros Fatores De Melhoria De Desempenhounclassified

Revestimentos para barreira térmica: evolução e perspectivas

Lima

2014

Soldag. insp.

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Resumo Palavras-chave: Revestimento para barreira térmica; TBC; Aspersão térmica; Metal-cerâmica. Abstract: For over four decades, thermal barrier coatings, or simply TBC, have been decisive for the performance of gas turbines in aviation and aerospace, and more recently also in the performance of power generation turbines and diesel engines. Its importance overlaps the developments achieved in the area

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Jet Engine Coatings for Resisting Volcanic Ash Damage

Cited by 213 publications

References 25 publications

Degradation of Thermal Barrier Coatings from Deposits and Its Mitigation

Degradation of Thermal Barrier Coatings from Deposits and Its Mitigation

Framework for developing volcanic fragility and vulnerability functions for critical infrastructure

Revestimentos para barreira térmica: evolução e perspectivas

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