Jellyfish in ecosystems, online databases, and ecosystem models

Pauly, Daniel; Graham, William M.; Libralato, Simone; Morissette, Lyne; Palomares, M.L.D.

doi:10.1007/s10750-008-9583-x

Cited by 240 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This study represents the first rigorous demonstration that jellyfish populations appear to be increasing in coastal ecosystems worldwide, as previously suggested (Mills, 2001;Purcell et al, 2007;Pauly et al, 2009a;Richardson et al, 2009). Of the 45 LMEs included in our analysis, 28 (62%) showed increasing trends, while only 3 (7%) showed decreasing trends.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…There are also recent suggestions that jellyfish may be synanthropic, specifically, benefiting from human interactions with the oceans, and thus may be increasing globally (Mills, 2001;Purcell et al, 2007;Pauly et al, 2009a;Richardson et al, 2009). Previous global reviews of jellyfish populations (e.g., Mills, 2001;Purcell et al, 2007;Chudnow, 2008) show evidence of numerous localized increases; however, for most ecosystems, long time series of abundance measures for jellyfish are lacking, and the perceived widespread or global increase in jellyfish still lacks a rigorous foundation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'' Moreover, jellyfish are difficult to sample even when targeted (Omori & Hamner, 1982;Pierce, 2009). As a result of their neglect in routine surveys and marine samples, jellyfish were generally perceived as a bothersome and unimportant component of marine ecosystems (Pauly et al, 2009a), which then justified their further neglect. Furthermore, despite recent advances in research and understanding of jellyfish ecology at local scales, such knowledge is rarely used to evaluate possible causes or consequences of jellyfish blooms at larger scales, or to make predictions (Purcell, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing jellyfish populations: trends in Large Marine Ecosystems

et al. 2012

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing jellyfish populations: trends in Large Marine Ecosystems

et al. 2012

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“…Therefore, pelagic communities dominated by filter feeders tend to be rather simple with only a few species, short food chains and a highly efficient transfer of carbon and energy throughout the food chain. The observed increase in abundance of gelatinous zooplankton during recent years (Attrill et al, 2007;Finenko et al, 2006;Graham, 2001;Lynam et al, 2006;Pauly et al, 2009) may be a consequence of their better adaptation to disturbed environmental conditions such as eutrophication, habitat modification or reduced oxygen (Richardson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Gelatinous Planktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic communities (zooplankton, macro-invertebrates and fish)

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the water column is an environmental parameter that is crucial for the successful development of many pelagic organisms. Hypoxia tolerance and threshold values are species-and stagespecific and can vary enormously. While some fish species may suffer from oxygen values of less than 3 mL O 2 L −1 through impacted growth, development and behaviour, other organisms such as euphausiids may survive DO levels as low as 0.1 mL O 2 L −1 . A change in the average or the range of DO may have significant impacts on the survival of certain species and hence on the species composition in the ecosystem with consequent changes in trophic pathways and productivity.Evidence for the deleterious effects of oxygen depletion on pelagic species is scarce, particularly in terms of the effect of low oxygen on development, recruitment and patterns of migration and distribution. While planktonic organisms have to cope with variable DOs and exploit adaptive mechanisms, nektonic species may avoid areas of unfavourable DO and develop adapted migration strategies. Planktonic organisms may only be able to escape vertically, above or beneath the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ). In shallow areas only the surface layer can serve as a refuge, but in deep waters many organisms have developed vertical migration strategies to use, pass through and cope with the OMZ.Correspondence to: W. Ekau (wekau@zmt-bremen.de) This paper elucidates the role of DO for different taxa in the pelagic realm and the consequences of low oxygen for foodweb structure and system productivity. We describe processes in two contrasting systems, the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea and the coastal upwelling system of the Benguela Current to demonstrate the consequences of increasing hypoxia on ecosystem functioning and services.

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“…Therefore, the large jellyfish species population increases might have been at least in part due to a decline in competition for food resources from the Japanese anchovy. Ecological modeling to compare alternative hypotheses may be the best approach to understanding the role of jellyfish in large fished ecosystems and the factors leading to jellyfish blooming (Purcell, 2009;Pauly et al, 2009). For example, Jiang et al (2008a) developed a mass balance (Ecopath) model to investigate the impact and control mechanism of large jellyfish blooms on trophic structure and energy flows in the East China Sea.…”

Section: Overfishingmentioning

confidence: 99%