Jedi public health: Co-creating an identity-safe culture to promote health equity

Geronimus, Arline T.; James, Sherman A.; Destin, Mesmin; Graham, Louis F.; Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.; Murphy, Mary C.; Pearson, Jay A.; Omari, Amel; Thompson, J. Phillip

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.02.008

Cited by 60 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Geronimus et al. () introduced the “Jedi Public Health (JPH)” as one solution to the effects of racism. This framework, “…focuses on changing features of settings in everyday life, rather than individuals, to promote population health equity, a high priority, yet, elusive national public health objective” (p. 105).…”

Section: Policy Responses Should Be Multilevelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geronimus et al. () have argued that there is a need for expansion as well as a reorientation of efforts to eliminate population health inequities. In the JPH framework, policies and interventions should remove all the discrediting cues in daily life of Blacks and other minority groups.…”

Section: Policy Responses Should Be Multilevelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these require better representation of Blacks in high-level policy making, which itself depends on an increase in political participation (e.g., voting) of Blacks and other minority populations (Hamilton & Ture, 2011). Geronimus et al (2016) introduced the "Jedi Public Health (JPH)" as one solution to the effects of racism. This framework, " .…”

Section: Policy Responses Should Be Multilevelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…focuses on changing features of settings in everyday life, rather than individuals, to promote population health equity, a high priority, yet, elusive national public health objective" (p. 105). Geronimus et al (2016) have argued that there is a need for expansion as well as a reorientation of efforts to eliminate population health inequities. In the JPH framework, policies and interventions should remove all the discrediting cues in daily life of Blacks and other minority groups.…”

Section: Policy Responses Should Be Multilevelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Health Disparities due to Diminished Return among Black Americans: Public Policy Solutions

Assari

2018

Social Issues Policy Review

311

674

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There are persistent and pervasive disparities in the health of Black people compared to non‐Hispanic Whites in the United States. There are many reasons for this gap; this article explores the role of “Blacks’ diminished gain” as a mechanism behind racial health disparities. Diminished gain is a phenomenon wherein the health effects of certain socioeconomic resources and psychological assets are systematically smaller for Blacks compared to Whites. These patterns are robust, with similar findings across different resources, assets, outcomes, settings, cohorts, and age groups. However, the role of diminished gain as a main contributing mechanism to racial health disparities has been historically overlooked. This article reviews the research literature on diminished gain and discusses possible causes for it, such as the societal barriers created by structural racism. Policy solutions that may reduce Blacks’ diminished gain are discussed.

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Section: Policy Responses Should Be Multilevelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy Responses Should Be Multilevelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy Responses Should Be Multilevelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Policy Responses Should Be Multilevelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Health Disparities due to Diminished Return among Black Americans: Public Policy Solutions

Assari

2018

Social Issues Policy Review

311

674

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A substantial literature has examined income and other SES gradients in health within Latino samples and has typically found smaller health-SES gradients than are found in other racial/ethnic groups (Ranjit et al, 2007; Sánchez-Vaznaugh et al, 2009), and sometimes found nonexistent (Angel et al, 2001) or reversed (Collins et al, 2001; Geronimus et al, 2015) gradients. It has been theorized that the potential health advantages of increasing income are not as beneficial to Latinos (or at least some Latino subgroups) because increasing income comes at the cost of high-effort striving and coping that is in itself detrimental to health (Geronimus et al, 2016; Pearson, 2008) or comes with exposure to a range of other social and racialized stressors that counteract potential health benefits (Gallo et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal salivary cortisol and nativity/duration of residence in Latinos: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Novak

Wang

Clarke

et al. 2017

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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Latino immigrants have lower prevalence of depression, obesity and cardiovascular disease than US-born Latinos when they are recently arrived in the US, but this health advantage erodes with increasing duration of US residence. Cumulative exposure to psychosocial stress and its physiological sequelae may mediate the relationship between nativity and duration of US residence and poor health. We used data from Latino cohort study participants ages 45–84 to examine cross-sectional (n=558) and longitudinal (n=248) associations between nativity and duration of US residence and features of the diurnal cortisol curve including: wake-up cortisol, cortisol awakening response (CAR, wake-up to 30 min post-awakening), early decline (30 min to 2 h post-awakening) and late decline (2 h post-awakening to bed time), wake-to-bed slope, and area under the curve (AUC). In cross-sectional analyses, US-born Latinos had higher wake-up cortisol than immigrants with fewer than 30 years of US residence. In the full sample, over 5 years the CAR and early decline became flatter and AUC became larger. Over 5 years, US-born Latinos had greater increases in wake-up cortisol and less pronounced flattening of the early diurnal cortisol decline than immigrants with fewer than 30 years of US residence. Immigrants with 30 or more years of US residence also had less pronounced flattening of the early decline relative to more recent immigrants, and also had a less pronounced increase in AUC. In sum, we saw limited cross-sectional evidence that US-born Latinos have more dysregulated cortisol than recently-arrived Latino immigrants, but over time US-born Latinos had slower progression of cortisol dysregulation.

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Racial Disparities in School Belonging and Prospective Associations With Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Chen

Lam

et al. 2023

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceSchool belonging has important implications for academic, psychological, and health outcomes, but the associations between racial disparities in school belonging and health have not been explored to date.ObjectiveTo examine associations between school-level racial disparities in belonging and cardiometabolic health into adulthood in a national sample of Black and White children, adolescents, and young adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective cohort study of a US national sample of 4830 Black and White students (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health) followed up for 13 years. The study was conducted from 1994 to 1995 for wave 1 and in 2008 for wave 4. Data were analyzed from June 14 to August 13, 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSchool-level racial disparities in belonging at baseline were calculated as the mean level of school belonging for Black students minus the mean level of school belonging for White students at the school that they attended when they were aged 12 to 20 years. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome were measured as outcomes for these same participants at 24 to 32 years of age.ResultsThe study included 4830 students. For wave 1, mean (SD) age was 16.1 (1.7) years, and for wave 4, 29.0 (1.7) years. A total of 2614 (54.1%) were female, 2219 were non-Hispanic Black (45.9%), and 2611 were non-Hispanic White (54.1%). Among Black students, attending a school with a greater Black-White disparity in school belonging (more negative scores) was associated with an increased risk for diabetes (odds ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.46-0.95]) and more risk factors for metabolic syndrome (rate ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.90-1.00]) in adulthood 13 years later. These associations persisted above individual-level controls (age, sex, and body mass index) and school-level controls (school size, percentage of Black students, and percentage of Black teachers) and were not explained by either an individual’s own perception of school belonging or the mean level of belonging across the whole school.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective cohort study of US students, racial disparities in school belonging were associated with risks for diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Black students. Among students, fostering a more equal sense of school belonging across racial groups may have implications for health disparities in the cardiometabolic domain into adulthood.

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Jedi public health: Co-creating an identity-safe culture to promote health equity

Cited by 60 publications

References 77 publications

Health Disparities due to Diminished Return among Black Americans: Public Policy Solutions

Health Disparities due to Diminished Return among Black Americans: Public Policy Solutions

Diurnal salivary cortisol and nativity/duration of residence in Latinos: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Racial Disparities in School Belonging and Prospective Associations With Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

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