JC virus regulatory region rearrangements and genotypes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: two independent aspects of virus variation.

Abstract

The human polyomavirus JC (JCV) has a genome of about 5n1 kb in length. The genome codes for six major proteins : the capsid proteins VP1-3, agnoprotein and the regulatory proteins large and small T antigen (Frisque et al., 1984). Replication is controlled by the viral regulatory region which can exist in two major configurations. In general, urinary strains have a non-rearranged (archetypal) regulatory region of 267 bp (Yogo et al., 1990 ;, whereas strains isolated from brain tissue of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) show rearrangements as a result of deletions and\or duplications from the archetypal form (Ault & Stoner, 1993 ; Iida et al., 1993). Within the regulatory region it is the promoter\enhancer containing area between the origin of replication (ori) and the start of the agnoprotein gene which is altered in PML strains.

TT virus sequence heterogeneity in vivo: evidence for co-infection with multiple genetic types.

“…Although many DNA viruses, such as human herpesviruses (Smith & Inglis, 1987 ;Ablashi et al, 1993 ;Aitken et al, 1994 ;Busson et al, 1995 ;Meyer-Konig et al, 1998 ;Triantos et al, 1998), JC virus (Agostini et al, 1997) and papillomaviruses (Ong et al, 1993 ;Pushko et al, 1994 ;Chan et al, 1995) exhibit some genetic heterogeneity, by comparison the amount of variability observed in TTV is very high. There are at least two possible explanations for this.…”

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Polyomavirus JC in the Biaka Pygmies and Bantu of Central Africa

“…JCV regulatory region can be classified into two major configurations: an "archetype" which is amplified from urine of normal individuals with JC viruria (Yogo et al 1990) and a "PML type" when sequenced from the brain of patients with PML. PML-type regulatory regions are derived from the archetypal form by unique rearrangements, consisting of deletions and duplications within the JCV promoter/enhancer (Ault & Stoner 1993, Agostini et al 1997c.…”

Detection of JC virus in two African cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy including identification of JCV type 3 in a Gambian AIDS patient

“…JRR-25 and 26 ampli@ a short fragment including the non-re-arranging region to the early side of ori and containing three typing sites as described [7]. Primers JRR-25 and 28 [25] amplify the entire regulatory region (363 bp) on both sides of ori, and were used to confirm the results with primer pairs JRR-1 and 8 and JRR-25 and 26.…”

“…Regulatory region re-arrangement in the Gambian strain (#3 13 j. Regulatory region re-arrangements in JCV genomes from PML brain are highly variable and each is unique [25,321. The configurations observed among 40 re-arranged PML-type regulatory regions could be roughly divided into three categories called 'long duplicate', 'short triplicate' and 'D-retaining'.…”

“…The configurations observed among 40 re-arranged PML-type regulatory regions could be roughly divided into three categories called 'long duplicate', 'short triplicate' and 'D-retaining'. These are represented here by strain # I 17 (type l), #222 (type 2) and #209 (type 2)' respectively [25]. The 'D-retaining' configuration is similar to archetype, but with one or more small deletions elsewhere in the regulatory region.…”