JC virus genotype profile in the Mamanwa, a Philippine Negrito tribe, and implications for its population history

Abstract

JC virus (JCV) is ubiquitous in the human population, usually being transmitted from parents to children during cohabitation. JCV genotyping is a useful means of elucidating the origins of various ethnic groups in the world. We used this method to gain insights into the origin of the Mamanwa, a Philippine Negrito tribe in Northeast Mindanao. We found that the Mamanwa carried two major JCV genotypes, B3-b/2E and SC-f/7A. This was in contrast with the JCV genotype profile of modern Filipinos who carry up to five genotypes, with B3-b/2E showing only a low frequency. B3-b/ 2E is spread throughout Oceania but rare on the Asian continent. In contrast, SC-f/7A is spread throughout Southeast Asia (including neighboring Oceanic islands) but rare in Remote Oceania. The present findings thus suggest that the Mamanwa tribe was formed by early colonization by people carrying B3-b/2E followed by an admixture of more recent immigrants carrying SC-f/7A. As the indigenous tribe (the Chamorro) in the Mariana Islands has essentially the same JCV genotype profile as the Mamanwa, other indigenous tribes in Southeast Asian and Oceanic islands may have a population history analogous to that suggested for the Mamanwa.

JC polyomavirus lineages common among Kiribati Islanders: implications for human dispersal in the Pacific

“…Excluding those introduced into the Pacific during the last 500 years, the JCPyV lineages detected in the Pacific islander populations include 2E, 8A, 8B and a few sublineages (SC-f, SC-x and SC-g) of the SC lineage Jobes et al, 2001;Yanagihara et al, 2002;Miranda et al, 2003Miranda et al, , 2004Takasaka et al, 2004; and this study). We summarize the geographic distribution of these 'Pacific' JCPyV lineages.…”

“…According to the resultant tree (not shown), KB-20 was classified as EU-a, a lineage prevalent in Europe (Sugimoto et al, 2002b). The other Kiribati sequences were subjected to a phylogenetic analysis with reference IG sequences representing Asian and Pacific lineages of JCPyV (Kunitake et al, 1995;Kato et al, 1997;Sugimoto et al, 1997Sugimoto et al, , 2002bChang et al, 1999;Jobes et al, 2001;Miranda et al, 2003Miranda et al, , 2004. On the phylogenetic tree obtained (Figure 2), we found seven sequences in the SC cluster and 27 sequences in the 2E cluster (see Table 1).…”

“…Asterisks identify isolates (within the SC lineage) analyzed using the whole genome approach (Saruwatari et al, 2002;Takasaka et al, 2004; this study). Symbols for reference sequences were described in references (Kunitake et al, 1995;Kato et al, 1997;Sugimoto et al, 1997;Kitamura et al, 1997;Chang et al, 1999;Jobes et al, 2001); Miranda et al, 2003Miranda et al, , 2004. Isolates whose sequences were determined in this study are shown in white on black backgrounds.…”

“…Thanks to the high rate of evolution of JCPyV, together with its hostlinked mode, JCPyV serves as a highly sensitive and reliable marker in tracing the history of human populations Agostini et al, 2001;Yogo et al, 2004). Indeed, JCPyV has been used as a marker to elucidate the origins of various ethnic populations (Cui et al, 2004;Miranda et al, 2004;Yogo et al, 2004 and references therein;Zheng et al, 2004bZheng et al, , 2005aZheng et al, , 2005bIkegaya et al, 2005;Takasaka et al, 2005).…”

The Pacific lineage (2E) of JC polyomavirus is prevalent in Sumba Island, Eastern Indonesia

“…These lineages have been detected not only in ISEA but also in continental Asia Saruwatari et al, 2006); therefore it is likely that they were transmitted to Sumba in association with relatively recent migrations of Asians from the continent. Miranda et al (2004). 2 Cited from Miranda et al (2003).…”