JC Virus Detection in Bodily Fluids: Clues to Transmission

Berger, Joseph R.; Miller, Craig S.; Mootoor, Yunanan; Avdiushko, Sergei A.; Kryscio, Richard J.; Zhu, Hua

doi:10.1086/504947

Cited by 55 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Similar to the other members of the polyomavirus family, primary MCPyV infection may occur during childhood or early adulthood [24]. The virus may then persist in healthy individuals and get reactivated upon reduction of immunosurveillance [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merkel cell polyomavirus is present in common warts and carcinoma in situ of the skin

Mertz

Pfaltz²,

Junt

et al. 2010

Human Pathology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merkel cell polyomavirus is present in common warts and carcinoma in situ of the skin

Mertz

Pfaltz²,

Junt

et al. 2010

Human Pathology

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“…In addition, evidence was provided that one of the initial sites of infection could be stromal cells of the tonsils (342). These discoveries led to a model in which primary infection most likely occurs in either stromal or immune cells of the upper respiratory system, either through respiratory inhalation or orally through ingestion of virus-contaminated material, possibly from excreted virus in the urine (37). The virus is then trafficked to the bone marrow and kidneys by infected lymphocytes, where it can persist for the life of the host.…”

Section: Initial Infection and Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, the JC Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease of the Human Brain

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a debilitating and frequently fatal central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease caused by JC virus (JCV), for which there is currently no effective treatment. Lytic infection of oligodendrocytes in the brain leads to their eventual destruction and progressive demyelination, resulting in multiple foci of lesions in the white matter of the brain. Before the mid-1980s, PML was a relatively rare disease, reported to occur primarily in those with underlying neoplastic conditions affecting immune function and, more rarely, in allograft recipients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. However, with the onset of the AIDS pandemic, the incidence of PML has increased dramatically. Approximately 3 to 5% of HIV-infected individuals will develop PML, which is classified as an AIDS-defining illness. In addition, the recent advent of humanized monoclonal antibody therapy for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn's disease has also led to an increased risk of PML as a side effect of immunotherapy. Thus, the study of JCV and the elucidation of the underlying causes of PML are important and active areas of research that may lead to new insights into immune function and host antiviral defense, as well as to potential new therapies.

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“…8 Conversely, the virus is not detectable in the saliva or oropharyngeal washings of young healthy adults. 7 The virus has also been detected…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 The mechanism of infection remains uncertain. Transient JC viral shedding in urine has been demonstrated in 30,6 to more than 50% of immunologically normal individuals 7 and appears to increase with age. 8 Conversely, the virus is not detectable in the saliva or oropharyngeal washings of young healthy adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%