JC Polyomavirus and Transplantation: Implications for Virus Reactivation after Immunosuppression in Transplant Patients and the Occurrence of PML Disease

Hildreth, James E. K.; Alcendor, Donald J.

doi:10.3390/transplantology2010004

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(111 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Through bone marrow, JCV enters the brain hematogenously together with leukocytes. PML is indicated by the development of brain microlesions [4] (created using Biorender.com).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine against VP1 Major Coat Protein of JC Polyomavirus

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The JC polyomavirus virus (JCPyV) affects more than 80% of the human population in their early life stage. It mainly affects immunocompromised individuals where virus replication in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes may lead to fatal progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML). Virus protein 1 (VP1) is one of the major structural proteins of the viral capsid, responsible for keeping the virus alive in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. VP1 is often targeted for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Similarly, this study implied immune-informatics and molecular modeling methods to design a multi-epitope subunit vaccine targeting JCPyV. The VP1 protein epitopic sequences, which are highly conserved, were used to build the vaccine. This designed vaccine includes two adjuvants, five HTL epitopes, five CTL epitopes, and two BCL epitopes to stimulate cellular, humoral, and innate immune responses against the JCPyV. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation (100 ns) studies were used to examine the interaction and stability of the vaccine protein with TLR4. Trajectory analysis showed that the vaccine and TLR4 receptor form a stable complex. Overall, this study may contribute to the path of vaccine development against JCPyV.

show abstract

“…Through bone marrow, JCV enters the brain hematogenously together with leukocytes. PML is indicated by the development of brain microlesions [4] (created using Biorender.com).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine against VP1 Major Coat Protein of JC Polyomavirus

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4 However, there is evidence showing that JCV nephropathy occurs at both early and late stages after renal transplantation. 5,6 In immunocompetent individuals, JCV infection usually presents as asymptomatic infection or mild respiratory symptoms. 4,7 The reduction of immune function, especially cell-mediated changes in immune function, can lead to the reactivation of polyomaviruses and cause serious clinical consequences in immunosuppressed patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney Transplant Recipients with JC Virus Infection Have Decreased Function of the Transplanted Kidney

Hieu¹,

Sy²

2022

TRRM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We conducted a survey on the status of patients after kidney transplantation infected with JC virus (JCV), at 108 Military Central Hospital (108MCH), Vietnam, combining research on the effects of JCV infection on transplanted kidney function and understanding the risk factors for JCV infection in kidney transplant recipients. Patients and Methods: A single-center cohort study was conducted in the period from March 2021 to July 2022, using a combination of retrospective and prospective methods, with longitudinal follow-up of 94 eligible kidney transplant patients who agreed to participate, at the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, 108MCH, Vietnam. Patients undergo monthly health checks and have their blood and urine tested by a real-time PCR method, with TaqMan probes (BioRad, USA). If at least one of the two specimens (blood or urine sample) is positive for JCV (when JCV is quantified in blood or urine samples at >250 copies/mL), the patient is confirmed to have JCV infection in any part or tissue of the body. Factors of JCV infection, such as age, gender, donor source, and immunosuppressive therapy, along with demographic and clinical data and JCV infection status, were analyzed using multivariable Cox-regression analysis. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was selected as an indicator of kidney function, and the difference in eGFR between JCV-infected patients and non-infected patients was compared using the t-test. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: JCV was detected in 71.3% of kidney transplant patients. Differences in eGFR were observed between the JCV-infected and non-infected patient groups (64.47±25.70 and 70.89±28.80 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for each group; independent t-test; t=−6.079; p=0.00). Factors such as kidney donor (HR=0.086; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.008-0.936; p=0.04), tacrolimus trough level (HR=1.083; 95% CI: 1.069-1.097; p=0.00), mycophenolate dose (HR=1.002; 95% CI: 1.002-1.001; p=0.00) and prednisone dose (HR=1.001; 95% CI: 1.000-1.001; p=0.00) in the trio of immunosuppressants tacrolimus + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + prednisone (multivariable Cox-regression analysis) are potential risk factors for JCV infection in renal transplantation. JCV infection in kidney transplant patients lowers the eGFR, leading to decreased transplant kidney function (independent t-test, p=0.00). Conclusion:The level of JCV infection in kidney transplant patients in our study is quite high (71.3%). Using an immunosuppressive regimen that uses the trio of immunosuppressants tacrolimus + MMF + prednisone, and having a donor source element are potential risk factors for JCV infection in renal transplantation. The function of the transplanted kidney is reduced by JCV infection in kidney transplant patients in the short term. The timely diagnosis and treatment of JCV can ensure the stable and long-term function of transplanted kidneys in kidney transplant patients.

show abstract

“…Viruria usually results in an asymptomatic infection that hides in the urinary tract [ 4 ]. JCV and BKV are 2 of 5 human polyomaviruses associated with clinical disease [ 3 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of JCV on nephropathy was shown in a few cases [ 8 ]. However, there is evidence showing that JCV nephropathy occurs at both early and late after renal transplantation [ 3 , 4 ]. The interaction of viral infection may be associated with increased post-RTx morbidity [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Polyomavirus, Cytomegalovirus, and Viruria Co-Infection for Follow-Up of Renal Transplant Patients

Hieu

2022

Ann Transplant

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The interaction of viral infection may be associated with increased morbidity after renal transplantation. This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of viruria infections in renal transplant recipients. Material/Methods In this longitudinal study, 502 episodes recorded in 81 kidney transplant patients from 1/2019 to 12/2021 in a hospital in Vietnam were included. BK, JC polyomaviruses, CMV, EBV, and HSV were detected. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for the viruria infection. Results Fifty-six patients (69.1%) had viruria co-infection. The incidence of JC, CMV, and BK infection was the most common viruria, with 67.9%, 61.7%, and 56.8%, respectively. Cox regression revealed that the risk factors for JC were single infection, dose of MMF (HR 1.002), corticoid (HR 1.02), hypertension (HR 1.65), and hematuria (HR 2.03); risk factors for CMV infection were male sex (HR 1.92) and eGFR (HR 0.98); risk factors for BK single infection were hypertension (HR 1.67), proteinuria (HR 3.80), higher tacrolimus trough level (HR 1.17), and dose of MMF (HR 1.002). Hypertension (HR 1.68), fasting plasma glucose (HR 1.13), proteinuria (HR 6.01), tacrolimus trough level (HR 1.12), and dose of MMF (HR 1.004) were independent risk factors for the viruria co-infection. Conclusions Kidney function was associated with the incidence of viruria. Higher tacrolimus trough level and dose of MMF were associated with higher risk of BK, JC, and co-infection.

show abstract

JC Polyomavirus and Transplantation: Implications for Virus Reactivation after Immunosuppression in Transplant Patients and the Occurrence of PML Disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 82 publications

Designing a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine against VP1 Major Coat Protein of JC Polyomavirus

Designing a Multi-Epitope Subunit Vaccine against VP1 Major Coat Protein of JC Polyomavirus

Kidney Transplant Recipients with JC Virus Infection Have Decreased Function of the Transplanted Kidney

Risk Factors for Polyomavirus, Cytomegalovirus, and Viruria Co-Infection for Follow-Up of Renal Transplant Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About