Jasmonic acid stimulates the oxidative responses and triterpene production in Jatropha curcas cell suspension cultures through mevalonate as biosynthetic precursor

Abstract

Jatropha curcas has considerable potential for production of biodiesel and secondary metabolites with medicinal uses. Herein, J. curcas cell suspension cultures were established to study the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) elicitation on triterpene production and oxidative responses. Cell cultures grown in dark conditions reached maximum biomass accumulation at the 12th day of culture (14.3 ± 0.45 g DW L -1 ) with a specific growth rate l = 0.131 d -1 . Elicitation with JA (200 or 400 lM) on 4-days-old cell cultures caused reduction in biomass and triterpene contents. In contrast, application of 200 lM JA at the 7th day of culture triggered triterpene accumulation by three times (1180 ± 12.3 lg g -1 DW, at day 2) with respect to control, without significant changes in biomass and viability. After 2 days of elicitation, betulin increased up to 7.3-fold (from 110.6 ± 20.7 to 808.7 ± 55.4 lg g -1 DW), while betulinic acid reached the maximum amount at day 6 after elicitation (245.6 ± 3.7 to 835 ± 41.5 lg g -1 DW). Lupeol presented a moderate increase (167.9 ± 51.0-288.8 ± 7.3 lg g -1 DW) along 8 days after elicitation. In correlation with triterpene production, JA application induced oxidative responses evaluated by an increase in the H 2 O 2 levels up to three times and of malondialdehyde by 59 %. At day 4 after elicitation, catalase showed higher increase (122 %) than peroxidases (63 %) and ascorbate peroxidase (26 %). Incorporation of radioactive labels from (R,S)-[2-14 C]mevalonic acid in triterpenes and sterols confirmed its role as metabolic precursor.

Enhancing Secondary Metabolite Production in Pelargonium graveolens Hort. Cell Cultures: Eliciting Effects of Chitosan and Jasmonic Acid on Bioactive Compound Production

“…According to Zaragoza-Martinez et al, the application of jasmonic acid triggered oxidative reactions in Jatropha curcas cell suspension culture, leading to elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), along with an increase in malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, the study observed heightened activity of catalase, peroxidases, and ascorbate peroxidase in response to JA treatment [59]. The exposure of plant cells to elicitor treatment triggers a cascade of events, starting with signal transduction from the plasma membrane's surface and leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [63].…”

“…Optimal enzyme activities (POD: 4.84 ± 0.02; SOD: 0.779 ± 0.012 nM/min/mg FW) were observed in cultures elicited with CHT 4 and JA 3 (POD: 4.97 ± 0.04; SOD: 0.812 ± 0.017 nM/min/mg FW) compared to the control (POD: 2.31 ± 0.01; SOD: 0.55 ± 0.007 nM/min/mg FW) (see Figure 5A,B). Earlier research findings suggest that chitosan and jasmonic acid potentially enhances SOD and POD activities in cell suspension cultures, as well as in callus cultures of different plant species [28,37,[59][60][61][62]. A report by Fan et al indicates the involvement of POD and SOD in mediating chitosaninduced stress in cell suspension cultures of Betula platyphylla Suk.…”

Chemical analysis of callus extracts from toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas L.

“…Therefore, it is necessary the use of chemical analysis techniques to isolate and identify the extracted plant metabolites (Hernandez & Sarlah, 2019). There are a few cases where the use of the plant cell culture of Jatropha curcas has allowed the production of bioactive compounds (Alvero-Bascos & Ungson, 2012;Mahalakshmi, Eganathan & Parida, 2013;Nassar et al, 2013;Zaragoza-Martínez et al, 2016); the study of the culture at different stages of toxic and non-toxic varieties generates the opportunity to design biotechnological models for production of bioactive compounds i.e., terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids (Abdelgadir & Van Staden, 2013;Sabandar et al, 2013), providing opportunities for new drugs discovery.…”

Peer Review #2 of "Chemical analysis of callus extracts from toxic and non-toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas L. (v0.2)"

“…Therefore it is necessary the use of chemical analysis techniques to isolate and identify the extracted plant metabolites (Hernandez & Sarlah, 2019). There are a few cases where the use of plant cell culture of Jatropha curcas has allowed the production of bioactive compounds (Alvero-Bascos & Ungson, 2012;Mahalakshmi, Eganathan & Parida, 2013;Nassar, El-Ahmay & Al-Azizi, 2013;Zaragoza-Martínez et al, 2016), the study of the culture at different stages of toxic and non-toxic varieties, generate the opportunity to design biotechnological models for production of bioactive compounds i.e. terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids (Abdelgavir & Van Staden, 2013;Sabandar et al, 2013) providing opportunities for new drugs discovery.…”