Jasmonic acid biosynthesis by fungi: derivatives, first evidence on biochemical pathways and culture conditions for production

Abstract

Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives called jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signalling molecules that are produced by plants and certain fungi. Beside this function, JAs have a great variety of applications in flavours and fragrances production. In addition, they may have a high potential in agriculture. JAs protect plants against infections. Although there is much information on the biosynthesis and function of JA concerning plants, knowledge on these aspects is still scarce for fungi. Taking into account the practical importance of JAs, the objective of this review is to summarize knowledge on the occurrence of JAs from fungal culture media, their biosynthetic pathways and the culture conditions for optimal JA production as an alternative source for the production of these valuable metabolites.

Tomato Domestication Affects Potential Functional Molecular Pathways of Root-Associated Soil Bacteria

“…Moreover, microbe induced systemic resistance to pathogens and pests involve JA signaling [ 34 , 35 ]. However, although JA production by bacteria and fungi in soil has been reported [ 36 ], its impact on plant–microbiome interactions remains unclear. Finally, regarding signalling, we detected a significant increase in the biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in wild tomato species compared to the groups that included cultivars.…”

Pathogens pulling the strings: Effectors manipulating salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants

“…RipAL induces JA production, probably by acting as DAD1, thereby lowering SA production and increasing virulence of R. solanacearum and other pathogens on Arabidopsis (Nakano & Mukaihara, 2018). Some pathogens have evolved to mimic or produce JA to facilitate their infection of the plant (Eng et al, 2021). Fusarium oxysporum is known to produce jasmonates to promote JA-induced gene expression (Cole et al, 2014), while Magnaporthe oryzae produces 12OH-JA to block JA signalling and disable JA-based host innate immunity (Patkar et al, 2015).…”

High production of jasmonic acid by Lasiodiplodia iranensis using solid‐state fermentation: Optimization and understanding

“…[ 12 ] Strains from Lasiodiplodia and Diplodia genera have shown promising high yields for JA production. [ 2 ] Specifically, numerous strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae have produced about 500 mg L –1 of JAs using surface culture fermentation. [ 13 ] In addition, Botryosphaeria rhodina fungus cultured on a tryptone‐free medium for 10 days yielded 421.5 mg L –1 of JA.…”

“…Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives known as jasmonates (JAs) are plant hormones that play important roles in biosynthesis, metabolism, and signal transduction in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. As environmentally friendly compounds, JA is expected to replace pesti-cides used in agriculture by helping plants to defend against the invasions of pathogens and pests [1,2] and can be used to improve plant stress resistance and fruit storage after ripening. [3][4][5] In addition, these compounds are highly important in the perfume industry owing to their jasmine fragrance and are typically used in high-end perfumes, shampoos, and detergents [6] as well as in cigarettes and chewing gum.…”

“…However, JAs are currently accessible only through extremely tedious multistep processes. [2,11] Fungi have attracted attention as producers of JAs, which occur in some species as secondary fungal metabolites. In particular, trace amounts of JAs have been found in the culture filtrates of 7 of 46 species belonging to ascomycetes and basidiomycetes that were screened for JA production.…”