Jasmonates and Plant Salt Stress: Molecular Players, Physiological Effects, and Improving Tolerance by Using Genome-Associated Tools

Abstract

Soil salinity is one of the most limiting stresses for crop productivity and quality worldwide. In this sense, jasmonates (JAs) have emerged as phytohormones that play essential roles in mediating plant response to abiotic stresses, including salt stress. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms underlying the activation and response of the JA-biosynthesis and JA-signaling pathways under saline conditions in Arabidopsis and several crops. In this sense, molecular components of JA-signaling such as MYC2 transcription factor and JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) repressors are key players for the JA-associated response. Moreover, we review the antagonist and synergistic effects between JA and other hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA). From an applied point of view, several reports have shown that exogenous JA applications increase the antioxidant response in plants to alleviate salt stress. Finally, we discuss the latest advances in genomic techniques for the improvement of crop tolerance to salt stress with a focus on jasmonates.

Electrical Signals, Plant Tolerance to Actions of Stressors, and Programmed Cell Death: Is Interaction Possible?

“…(vi) Induction of ESs (or local irritations without measurements of ESs) causes expression of defense genes in non-irritated zones of plants [ 11 , 101 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 195 , 196 ] (e.g., pin1, pin2, and vsp2 genes protecting against insect attacks [ 11 , 101 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ], or the ZAT12 gene participating in light acclimation [ 187 ]). (vii) Induction of ESs (or local irritations without measurements of ESs) causes increased production of ABA and JA [ 96 , 97 , 100 , 124 , 125 ]; these phytohormones participate in plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stressors [ 12 , 13 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 ]. Interestingly, ESs can stimulate ethylene production [ 127 ] which is also known to participate in the adaptation of plants to stressors [ 200 , 201 ].…”

Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security

“…These metabolic pathways are controlled by complex genetic networks within cellular systems. Therefore, molecular techniques with the ability to handle several loci are worthy of both basic and applied research [ 142 ]. GETs allow the genetic manipulation of several genes through multiplexing, that is, editing multiple target sites [ 143 ].…”

The Contrivance of Plant Growth Promoting Microbes to Mitigate Climate Change Impact in Agriculture

“…The phytomicrobiome is a whole, well-structured community of all microorganisms in a given plant, associated with the host [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The rhizosphere, a thin film of soil around the roots, is the primary location of ion uptake for plants, simultaneously depositing nutrients and signaling molecules into this zone [ 6 , 7 ]. This special mixture secreted by plant roots contains low-molecular weight organic substances, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, vitamins and a small amount of secondary metabolites [ 8 , 9 ].…”

“…This special mixture secreted by plant roots contains low-molecular weight organic substances, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, vitamins and a small amount of secondary metabolites [ 8 , 9 ]. The extremely carbon-rich root exudates create a unique space with maximum bacterial activity compared to the bulk soil [ 7 , 10 ]. The nature of secreting exudates and various genetic regulations can influence the structure of bacterial community in the soil [ 2 ].…”