Jasmonates alleviate spikelet‐opening impairment caused by high temperature stress during anthesis of photo‐thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile rice lines

Abstract

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Jasmonates Alleviate the Harm of High-Temperature Stress During Anthesis to Stigma Vitality of Photothermosensitive Genetic Male Sterile Rice Lines

“…With the increase in global greenhouse effect and changes in climate, HT stress has become one of the most detrimental stresses among constantly changing environmental factors (Jagadish et al, 2010 ; Luo and Lau, 2019 ; Karwa et al, 2020 ; Wahab et al, 2020 ). The flowering or anthesis stage in rice plants is most vulnerable to HT stress (Jagadish et al, 2010 ; Luo and Lau, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). For a conventional male fertile rice cultivar or a line, HT stress during anthesis usually causes failure in anther dehiscence, pollination, and germination of pollen grains, leading to a low seed-setting rate and a low grain yield (Jagadish et al, 2010 ; Mittler and Blumwald, 2010 ; Cao et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2018 ; Jiang et al, 2020 ).…”

“…For a conventional male fertile rice cultivar or a line, HT stress during anthesis usually causes failure in anther dehiscence, pollination, and germination of pollen grains, leading to a low seed-setting rate and a low grain yield (Jagadish et al, 2010 ; Mittler and Blumwald, 2010 ; Cao et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2018 ; Jiang et al, 2020 ). In contrast, for a PTSGMS rice line that shows total male sterility when temperature is >23 or 24°C (Yuan, 1997 ; Ma and Yuan, 2015 ; Mou, 2016 ), HT stress during anthesis mainly impairs spikelet opening and reduces pistil activity and consequently, seriously decreases grain yield of a hybrid produced by the line crossed with a restorer line (Zhu, 2016 ; Chen et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Yang et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Although few studies have recently investigated the effect of HT stress during anthesis on spikelet-opening and pistil (ovary) activity of PTSGMS rice lines (Chen et al, 2020 , 2021 ; Yang et al, 2020 ), little information is available about if and how HT stress during anthesis influences stigma vitality of PTSGMS lines. Generally, stigma vitality of rice includes both morphological and physiological aspects, such as the stigma area, stigma exertion, antioxidant ability, and hormonal levels (Yin et al, 2014 ; Costa et al, 2016 ; Chen et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Usually, HT stress could produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and reduce antioxidant ability, such as decreases in catalase activity and ascorbic acid (AsA) content, in plant organs (Galen and Plowright, 1987 ; Dafni and Maués, 1998 ; Prasad and Djanaguiraman, 2011 , 2014 ; Snider et al, 2011 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). It is generally proposed that phytohormones are signaling molecules and play vital roles not only in regulating plant growth and development, but also in mediating the physiological processes responding to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses including HT stress (Yang et al, 2001 ; Zhang et al, 2009 ; Wani et al, 2016 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ).…”

“…It is generally proposed that phytohormones are signaling molecules and play vital roles not only in regulating plant growth and development, but also in mediating the physiological processes responding to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses including HT stress (Yang et al, 2001 ; Zhang et al, 2009 ; Wani et al, 2016 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ). Among them, jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), have attracted great attention because they have been observed to minimize the damage of HT stress to plants in recent studies (Nguyen et al, 2019 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ). It has been observed that JAs could confer thermotolerance by enhancing the expression of genes in the JA biosynthesis and signal pathways in Arabidopsis (Clarke et al, 2009 ; Kazan, 2015 ).…”