Japanese encephalitis virus infection decrease endogenous IL-10 production: Correlation with microglial activation and neuronal death

Minocycline differentially modulates macrophage mediated peripheral immune response following Japanese encephalitis virus infection

“…IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages through Stat1 and Stat3 pathway (Fiorentino et al, 1991;O'Farrell et al, 1998). In brain, it has been shown that JEV infection causes decrease in IL-10 levels (Swarup et al, 2007a). We observed that IL-10 level was significantly reduced in JEV-infected macrophages, after 24 h of infection, but was increased after 72 h, as compared to control.…”

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Adults and Its Correlation with Cytokine Levels in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid

“…IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and microglia. Since this cytokine can directly limit accessory cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prevent the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules, it is an important modulator of innate and adaptive immune responses (13). The role of cytokines is well known in neuro-infections.…”

Flavivirus Neurotropism, Neuroinvasion, Neurovirulence and Neurosusceptibility: Clues to Understanding Flavivirus- and Dengue-Induced Encephalitis

“…CD4+ lymphocytes producing IL-12 stimulate the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ lymphocytes that arrive to the nervous tissue. These lymphocytes secrete proinflammatory mediators such as IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-6 that alter tissue homeostasis when expressed consistently during the infection (Chaturvedi et al, 2000;Sánchez-Burgos et al, 2004;Swarup et al, 2007). Additionally, CD8+ lymphocytes embedded in the tissue promote the death of both infected and uninfected cells via the release of perforin and granzymes and the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) (Courageot et al, 2003;Marques-Deak et al, 2005;Mellor & Munn, 2006;Rempel et al, 2004Rempel et al, , 2005.…”