Japanese Encephalitis in Children admitted at Patan Hospital

Abstract

This is a hospital based retrospective study, which was done in Pediatric ward of Patan hospital. Study period was one and half year (from Srawan 2063 to 2064 poush).Data were taken from discharge book of Pediatric ward, from the record section of this hospital, and from JE surveillance office, WHO, Kathmandu. All children from 1 month to 14 years ,who were admitted in Pediatric ward with symptoms of Meningitis, Meningoencephalitis and Encephalitis were included in this study and patients more than 14 years of age and symptoms not suggestive of meningitis, meningoencephalitis or encephalitis were excluded from the study. Headache; vomiting and fever were the chief complaints of patients. Two patients died during study period. There were 16 patients with serologically confirmed Japanese encephalitis. Key words: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), arthropod borne disease, Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). doi:10.3126/jnps.v29i1.1595 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.29(1) p.17-21

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Children With Special Reference to Japanese Encephalitis: A Retrospective Analysis

“…Other studies have also corroborated this finding. 12,14 The present study was conducted over a two-year period (2014 and 2015), and the year-wise distribution of cases did not show any significant difference between the two years. This is in contrast to the study conducted by Bandhopadhyay et al from West Bengal, where they found a significant reduction in JE cases from 2011 to 2012, which had been attributed to better awareness, mass vaccination against JE etc.…”

“…8,10,12 This finding was statistically significant. Children from rural areas were found to be affected more as compared to those from urban areas.…”

Aetiologies of Central Nervous System infections in adults in Kathmandu, Nepal: A prospective hospital-based study

“…In our study, out of 73 tested samples, 11 samples (15%) were positive for anti JEV IgM in the CSF. In previous studies done in Nepal1315, JEV was confirmed based on serum serology (anti JEV IgM) and only a few diagnoses in these studies were confirmed using CSF based anti JEV IgM. In our study, we determined the CSF anti JEV IgM which has a higher diagnostic accuracy than one point serum serology34.…”

“…JEV is endemic in the Terai (southern) region of Nepal [Figure 1] and in the densely populated Kathmandu valley131531. JEV rarely infects adults living in endemic regions presumably because of exposure to virus during childhood and subsequent immunity32.…”

“…However, these studies have relied on JEV confirmation primarily by single serum serology in the context of an encephalitic illness which may potentially overestimate the disease burden in an endemic setting. Previous hospital-based studies in Nepalese children have shown S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae type b as the most common bacterial pathogens and JEV as the major viral pathogen for CNS infections13141516. However, the etiology of encephalitis apart from JEV and the pathogens involved in CNS infections in adults remain unknown.…”