Japanese azalea germplasm; the living horticulture properties

Kobayashi, Nobuo

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2020.1291.20

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The chromosome-genome assembly could be a reference in ddRAD-Seq analysis across our collection of Rhododendron species to identify genome introgressions and identity by descent segments from ancestor lines of the relatives. Since bud sport mutants with a different flower colour and/or shape represent important azalea cultivars, 2 the genome sequence information could be used to find the causative mutations underlying the attractive trait with high ornament value. The genetic map and the pseudomolecule sequences will also be useful for the identification of several important loci in the Rhododendron by a map-based cloning strategy, which can take more than 3 years (from seeding to flowering) using conventional breeding approaches.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 Many of the derived cultivars were introduced into Western countries as new Oriental ornamentals and have been utilized as breeding materials for potted and garden azalea. 2 To determine the phylogenetic relationship among Rhododendron and to facilitate the breeding of new varieties with more attractive phenotypes, genome sequence data of the species are needed. However, while the genomic resources of vegetable and fruit crops as well as cereals have dramatically increased because of significant advancements in the next-generation (or second generation) sequencing technologies, following the first generation Sanger method, 3 those of woody ornamentals remain limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of two azaleas, Rhododendron ripense and Rhododendron kiyosumense

et al. 2021

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To enhance the genomics and genetics of azalea, the whole-genome sequences of two species of Rhododendron were determined and analyzed in this study: Rhododendron ripense, the cytoplasmic donor and ancestral species of large-flowered and evergreen azalea cultivars; and Rhododendron kiyosumense, a native of Chiba prefecture (Japan) seldomly bred and cultivated. A chromosome-level genome sequence assembly of R. ripense was constructed by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and genetic mapping, while the genome sequence of R. kiyosumense was assembled using the single-tube long fragment read (stLFR) sequencing technology. The R. ripense genome assembly contained 319 contigs (506.7 Mb; N50 length: 2.5 Mb) and was assigned to the genetic map to establish 13 pseudomolecule sequences. On the other hand, the genome of R. kiyosumense was assembled into 32,308 contigs (601.9 Mb; N50 length: 245.7 kb). A total of 34,606 genes were predicted in the R. ripense genome, while 35,785 flower and 48,041 leaf transcript isoforms were identified in R. kiyosumense through Iso-Seq analysis. Overall, the genome sequence information generated in this study enhances our understanding of genome evolution in the Ericales and reveals the phylogenetic relationship of closely-related species. This information will also facilitate the development of phenotypically attractive azalea cultivars.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of two azaleas, Rhododendron ripense and Rhododendron kiyosumense

et al. 2021

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“…In Japan, evergreen azalea varieties (genus Rhododendron; subgenus Tsutsusi; section Tsutsusi), with high ornamental value, were collected from the natural habitat and have served as founding genotypes for breeding phenotypically attractive cultivars since the 17 th century 1 . Many of the derived cultivars were introduced into Western countries as new Oriental ornamentals and have been utilized as breeding materials for potted and garden azalea 2 . To determine the phylogenetic relationship among Rhododendron and to facilitate the breeding of new varieties with more attractive phenotypes, genome sequence data of the species is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of two azaleas, Rhododendron ripense and Rhododendron kiyosumense

Shirasawa

Kobayashi

Nakatsuka

et al. 2021

Preprint

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To enhance the genomics and genetics of azalea, the whole-genome sequences of two species of Rhododendron were determined and analyzed in this study: Rhododendron ripense, the cytoplasmic donor and ancestral species of large-flowered and evergreen azalea cultivars, respectively; and Rhododendron kiyosumense, a native of Chiba prefecture (Japan) seldomly bred and cultivated. A chromosome-level genome sequence assembly of R. ripense was constructed by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and genetic mapping, while the genome sequence of R. kiyosumense was assembled using the single-tube long fragment read (stLFR) sequencing technology. The R. ripense genome assembly contained 319 contigs (506.7 Mb; N50 length: 2.5 Mb) and was assigned to the genetic map to establish 13 pseudomolecule sequences. On the other hand, the genome of R. kiyosumense was assembled into 32,308 contigs (601.9 Mb; N50 length: 245.7 kb). A total of 34,606 genes were predicted in the R. ripense genome, while 35,785 flower and 48,041 leaf transcript isoforms were identified in R. kiyosumense through Iso-Seq analysis. Overall, the genome sequence information generated in this study enhances our understanding of genome evolution in the Ericales and reveals the phylogenetic relationship of closely-related species. This information will also facilitate the development of phenotypically attractive azalea cultivars.

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“…However, there are no reports of any DNA markers related to an improvement in the ornamental value and vase life of flowers caused by B class gene mutations such as the long-lasting flower trait in azalea. The long-lasting flower trait in azalea is commercially important, and we have been conducting studies on breeding materials (Kobayashi, 2020). In a previous study, DNA markers to detect the ap3 mutant allele were developed in long-lasting cultivars (Cheon et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 50 Rhododendron species native to Japan (Kurashige et al, 1998), species within the subgenus Tsutsusi, section Tsutsusi, such as R. kaempferi, R. indicum, R. kiusianum, R. ripense, and R. macrosepalum, are important genetic resources for the evergreen azaleas used as ornamental shrubs or pot azaleas (Kobayashi, 2020). Each cultivar group, such as Edo Kirishima, Kurume, Ryūkyū, Hirado, and Satsuki, has been developed since the Edo era (1603-1867) by selection and crossing based on these wild species as they have high ornamental value, are easy to cultivate, Received; April 16, 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Mutant <i>ap3</i> Allele-based Markers for the Selection of the Long-lasting Flower Phenotype (Misome-shō) in Evergreen Azalea Cultivars

et al. 2021

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There is a long-lasting flower trait with a temporal color change, known as "misome-shō", in Japanese evergreen azalea. This trait has been found in several wild Japanese evergreen azalea species, such as Rhododendron kaempferi 'Nikkō-misome', R. macrosepalum 'Kochō-zoroi', R. indicum 'Chōjyu-hō', and R. × hannoense 'Amagi-beni-chōjyu'. The corollas of long-lasting flower cultivars undergo a conversion of normal corollas to sepaloid corollas due to loss of function of the MADS-box B class gene, APETALA3 (AP3) homolog. Also, the long-lasting flower trait was shown to be recessive to normal flowers and controlled by a single gene. To develop a DNA marker for selection of the long-lasting flower phenotype, we carried out a multiplex-PCR approach to detect the ap3 mutant allele related to long-lasting flower traits, and investigated the flower phenotypes in crossed progenies of 23 cross combinations and 245 individuals. The normal flower phenotype individuals in the crossed progenies were homozygous for the normal allele or heterozygous for the normal allele and the ap3 mutant allele. On the other hand, the long-lasting flower phenotype individuals in the crossed progenies were homozygous for the ap3 mutant allele of long-lasting cultivars. These results support the idea that the long-lasting flower trait is caused by a mutation in the AP3 homolog, and it has been newly clarified that any combination of these mutant alleles in long-lasting flower cultivars has the long-lasting flower phenotype. In conclusion, our data indicate that efficient selection of individuals with long-lasting flowers will be possible by using selection DNA markers linked to the long-lasting flower trait.

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Japanese azalea germplasm; the living horticulture properties

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of two azaleas, Rhododendron ripense and Rhododendron kiyosumense

Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of two azaleas, Rhododendron ripense and Rhododendron kiyosumense

Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of two azaleas, Rhododendron ripense and Rhododendron kiyosumense

Application of Mutant <i>ap3</i> Allele-based Markers for the Selection of the Long-lasting Flower Phenotype (Misome-shō) in Evergreen Azalea Cultivars

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