“…Despite the violence perpetrated on its colonies and the aggressions carried out against the West during the first half of the 20th century, the bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima and the subsequent capitulation of Japan had two main consequences: (i) they placed Japan within a narrative of victimization that muddied its responsibility as a victimizer and prevented the acceptance of responsibility for crimes committed against its neighbors (Buzan & Koyama, 2018). (ii) for much of the second half of the 20th century, Japan became an introspective country preoccupied with its own economic and social reconstruction after the war, and unwilling to claim any sort of leadership role in regional political or security (Hughes, 2017).…”
Section: Contemporary Japanmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When the end of the century came, Japanese leaders started to realize that the impressive economic performance that had characterized it for much of recent history could not continue to depend solely on national policies if it was to be maintained. Simultaneously, while the Japanese private sector was demanding a higher degree of liberalization for the economy, China was emerging as the new regional major player with increasingly assertive interests and military expenditure (Hughes, 2017). North Korea would years later become a security threat included in the "Axis of Evil" of U.S. president Bush, while in the West, European countries were formalizing their monetary and political union.…”
Section: Contemporary Japanmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This confluence of factors started steering Japan in a direction that called for a more assertive role from Tokyo both economically and politically. The country needed to diversify its diplomatic actions and partners if it was to lessen the risk that its overdependence on China and the U.S. implied (Hughes, 2017).…”
Section: Contemporary Japanmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, after frustrating results in the regional economic cooperation sphere, Japan started to exert a more direct role toward its neighbors and other countries, embarking on a route of bilateral free trade agreements (Hughes, 2017). Both Article 9 and historical tensions with its most immediate neighbors, Korea and China, prevent it from executing explicit and robust security policies S-F / Shutterstock.com MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO | Vol.…”
The present essay seeks to explore Japanese foreign policy and its trans- formations throughout time. Particular emphasis is placed on two historical moments: the emergence of Japan as an imperial power, beginning with the Meiji Restoration, and contemporary Japan. The choice of these two instances is an attempt to define an arc of development in Japanese history, in order to understand Japan’s role in Asia and how it has both determined and been determined by international dynamics. By presenting information in chrono- logical order, the essay tries to establish a connection between past and pres- ent, and asks whether a “Japanese style of influence” can be deduced from both periods. The essay finds that Japan’s place in the region has changed from a more assertive and leading one, albeit more violent, to one character- ized by the indirect balancing of power. While dealing with radically different contexts, the essay finds that Japan’s influence strategies, whether historical or contemporary, have had similar intended effects in terms of the develop- ment of other countries. In this sense, by showing a broad and brief picture of Japan’s past and present that is traversed by a single theme, the essay con- tributes to the understanding of Japan’s current position, its historical roots, and the common factors that might continue in the future.
“…Despite the violence perpetrated on its colonies and the aggressions carried out against the West during the first half of the 20th century, the bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima and the subsequent capitulation of Japan had two main consequences: (i) they placed Japan within a narrative of victimization that muddied its responsibility as a victimizer and prevented the acceptance of responsibility for crimes committed against its neighbors (Buzan & Koyama, 2018). (ii) for much of the second half of the 20th century, Japan became an introspective country preoccupied with its own economic and social reconstruction after the war, and unwilling to claim any sort of leadership role in regional political or security (Hughes, 2017).…”
Section: Contemporary Japanmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…When the end of the century came, Japanese leaders started to realize that the impressive economic performance that had characterized it for much of recent history could not continue to depend solely on national policies if it was to be maintained. Simultaneously, while the Japanese private sector was demanding a higher degree of liberalization for the economy, China was emerging as the new regional major player with increasingly assertive interests and military expenditure (Hughes, 2017). North Korea would years later become a security threat included in the "Axis of Evil" of U.S. president Bush, while in the West, European countries were formalizing their monetary and political union.…”
Section: Contemporary Japanmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This confluence of factors started steering Japan in a direction that called for a more assertive role from Tokyo both economically and politically. The country needed to diversify its diplomatic actions and partners if it was to lessen the risk that its overdependence on China and the U.S. implied (Hughes, 2017).…”
Section: Contemporary Japanmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, after frustrating results in the regional economic cooperation sphere, Japan started to exert a more direct role toward its neighbors and other countries, embarking on a route of bilateral free trade agreements (Hughes, 2017). Both Article 9 and historical tensions with its most immediate neighbors, Korea and China, prevent it from executing explicit and robust security policies S-F / Shutterstock.com MAP | REVISTA MUNDO ASIA PACÍFICO | Vol.…”
The present essay seeks to explore Japanese foreign policy and its trans- formations throughout time. Particular emphasis is placed on two historical moments: the emergence of Japan as an imperial power, beginning with the Meiji Restoration, and contemporary Japan. The choice of these two instances is an attempt to define an arc of development in Japanese history, in order to understand Japan’s role in Asia and how it has both determined and been determined by international dynamics. By presenting information in chrono- logical order, the essay tries to establish a connection between past and pres- ent, and asks whether a “Japanese style of influence” can be deduced from both periods. The essay finds that Japan’s place in the region has changed from a more assertive and leading one, albeit more violent, to one character- ized by the indirect balancing of power. While dealing with radically different contexts, the essay finds that Japan’s influence strategies, whether historical or contemporary, have had similar intended effects in terms of the develop- ment of other countries. In this sense, by showing a broad and brief picture of Japan’s past and present that is traversed by a single theme, the essay con- tributes to the understanding of Japan’s current position, its historical roots, and the common factors that might continue in the future.
The sustained growth and importance of Asia as a hub of economic, social and political activity has attracted significant foreign direct investment and opportunities for economies from the West and other parts of the world to invest in this fast growing region. Regional headquarters and global innovation hubs of large multinational corporations (MNCs) are evidence of an Asian century phenomenon. The proliferation of tax havens in the region or the use of tax havens by firms in the Asian region is no surprise. This is evidenced through a complex and systematic policy choice by power coalitions, to facilitate their interests as well as trade and growth in the region. This proliferation has also had an impact on the changing identity of Asian MNCs in Asia. In this paper, we highlight this new and pervasive trend by presenting findings from recent research in the region on the topic of tax havens and identities of Asian MNCs.
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