Janus Self‐Propelled Chitosan‐Based Hydrogel Spheres for Rapid Bleeding Control

Abstract

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major cause of potentially preventable death in civilian trauma nowadays. Considerable concern has been given to the development of efficient hemostats with high blood absorption, self‐propelled property, and Ca2+ release ability, for irregularly shaped and noncompressible hemorrhage. Herein, Janus self‐propelled chitosan‐based hydrogel with CaCO3 (J‐CMH@CaCO3) is developed by partial ionic crosslinking of carboxylated chitosan (CCS) and Ca2+, gravity settlement, and photopolymerization, followed by removing the shell of CCS. The obtained J‐CMH@CaCO3 is further used as a hemostat powered by the internal CaCO3 and coordinated protonated tranexamic acid (J‐CMH@CaCO3/T). Bubbles are generated and detached to provide the driving force, accompanied by the release of Ca2+. The two aspects work in synergy to accelerate clot formation, endowing the J‐CMH@CaCO3/T with excellent hemostatic efficiency. The J‐CMH@CaCO3/T presents high blood absorption, favorable blood‐clotting ability, desired erythrocyte and platelet aggregation, and acceptable hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. In rodent and rabbit bleeding models, the J‐CMH@CaCO3/T exhibits the most effective hemostasis to the best knowledge of the authors, wherein the hemorrhage is rapidly halted within 39 s. It is believed that the J‐CMH@CaCO3/T with self‐propelled property opens up a new avenue to design high‐performance hemostats for clinical application.

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