Janus Nanobullets Combine Photodynamic Therapy and Magnetic Hyperthermia to Potentiate Synergetic Anti‐Metastatic Immunotherapy

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is clinically promising in destructing primary tumors but ineffective against distant metastases. This study reports the use of immunogenic nanoparticles mediated combination of PDT and magnetic hyperthermia to synergistically augment the anti‐metastatic efficacy of immunotherapy. Janus nanobullets integrating chlorine e6 (Ce6) loaded, disulfide‐bridged mesoporous organosilica bodies with magnetic heads (M‐MONs@Ce6) are tailored for redox/pH‐triggered photosensitizer release accompanying their matrix degradation. Cancer cell membrane cloaking enables favorable tumor‐targeted accumulation and prolonged blood circulation time of M‐MONs@Ce6. The combination of PDT and magnetic hyperthermia has a strong synergy anticancer activity and simultaneously elicits a sequence of immunogenic cell death, resulting in synergistically tumor‐specific immune responses. When combined with anti‐CTLA‐4 antibody, the biomimetic and biodegradable nanoparticle enables the notable eradication of primary and deeply metastatic tumors with low systematic toxicity, thus potentially advancing the development of combined hyperthermia, PDT, and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy to combat cancer metastasis.

Self‐Propelling Janus Particles for Hemostasis in Perforating and Irregular Wounds with Massive Hemorrhage

“…Meanwhile, as growth control agents, CTAB and ethanol occupy the nucleation sites of CaCO 3 to control uniaxial large aggregation growth on MSS. [36,37] Various Janus MSS@CaCO 3 particles with different CaCO 3 content were obtained and confirmed by SEM ( Figure 2B,C). Flower-like CaCO 3 particles with diameters of 3, 8, 13, and 28 µm attaching to MSS (≈14 µm), corresponding to aspect ratios of 1:0.1, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2, respectively, were observed; their corresponding mass ratios were detected as 1.8 ± 1.2, 11 ± 1.1, 27 ± 2.6, and 44 ± 2.8%, respectively ( Figure 2D).…”

Biodegradable hollow mesoporous organosilica nanotheranostics (HMON) for multi-mode imaging and mild photo-therapeutic-induced mitochondrial damage on gastric cancer

“…Si-O-groups on the surface of the HMON have the potential to bond with metal ions (such as Fe 3+ , Au + , etc.) without the need of additional molecular chelator [27,28]. In our previous work, CuS nanocrystals were in situ grown onto the surface of hollow mesoporous TaOx nanospheres without the help of thiol groups [19].…”

Photodynamic Therapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade†

“…The nanoparticle surface can be modified with functional groups or targeting agents to improve biodistribution and tumor-specific uptake. A number of research groups have recently begun testing various nanoparticle-photosensitizer formulations for PDT in combination with immune checkpoint blockade against CTLA-4 (54,55) and PD-1/ PD-L1 (52,(56)(57)(58).…”