Jahreszeiten und Belichtungen in ihrem Einfluß auf weibliche Genitalfunktionen

Kirchhoff, H

doi:10.1007/bf01714839

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The mean age at which the ten 'normal' mice had their first typical oestrus was 38 days. This is rather later than that reported by Kirchhoff [1937]. This author, like ourselves, observed many atypical cycles.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 47%

The Effect of Low Environmental Temperature on the Reproductive Cycle of Female Mice

Barnett¹,

Coleman²

1959

Journal of Endocrinology

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Breeding stocks of mice of strain 0A2G have been studied at environmental temperatures of \m=-\3\s=deg\and 21\s=deg\C. The mean age of opening of the vagina was 33 days at \ m=-\ 3\ s=deg\ C, 26 days at 21\s=deg\C. The mean body weight at opening was 13 g in both temperatures. The vaginal smear of typical oestrus appeared at a mean age of 61 days at \ m=-\ 3\ s=deg\ C, 38 days at 21\ s=deg\ C; it was preceded by variable numbers of anomalous smears containing squamous cells. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 8\m=.\5 days at \m=-\3\s=deg\ C, 4\m=.\8 days at 21\s=deg\C. Females transferred from 21\s=deg\to \m=-\3\s=deg\C had longer cycles at first, but tended to return to normal after some months. The interval between parturitions had two modes, at about 3 and 6 weeks respectively: most intervals were around 6 weeks at \m=-\3\ s=deg\ C, 3 weeks at 21\s=deg\C. There was evidence of a negative correlation between the numbers weaned in successive parturitions, when the interval between parturitions was near the minimum. The slowing of the reproductive cycle at \m=-\ 3\ s=deg\ C may be attributed to the prior demands of catabolism; but this does not account for the recovery of the mice transferred from warm to cold.Mice of several strains have been bred for many generations in an environment kept at -3°C , and compared with parallel stocks at 21°C. The mice in the cold environ¬ ment have a much increased metabolic rate and a higher mortality between birth and weaning at 3 weeks; they also build better nests and begin to breed later. Other effects vary with the strain of mouse. The evidence for these statements has been given by Barnett [1956], Barnett, Coleman & Manly [1959], and by Barnett & Manly [1956. Here we are concerned with the effect of cold on the opening of the vagina, the oestrous cycle and the interval between parturitions; and we show that in mice of strain A 2G all these are markedly influenced by a cold environment. METHODThe mice used were of strain A2G, supplied by Glaxo Laboratories in 1953. All pairs used for the maintenance of the stock, or for studies of reproduction, were littermates. They were kept as permanent breeding stocks in each of two constant tem¬ perature rooms, one at 21°C and the other at -3°C. All the mice reported on here had been conceived, born and reared in one of these rooms. All mice had cotton wool in which to nest. Details of the conditions in which they were kept have been given by Barnett [1956]. The observations on vaginal opening and oestrous cycles were made on mice of the eleventh to seventeenth generations in the warm room and of the eighth and ninth generations in the cold.Members of mated pairs were kept always together. Young were removed from

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 47%

The Effect of Low Environmental Temperature on the Reproductive Cycle of Female Mice

Barnett¹,

Coleman²

1959

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Anovulatory cycles are also found in the human female and there are indications that these are seasonally linked. Kirchoff (1937) invcstigatcd the monthly distribution of endometrial hyperplasia which can be determined histologically by means of a biopsy. He concluded that the frequency of glandular hyperplasia, due to a persistins follicle, showed a curve with a clear peak in the summer.…”

Section: Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Month of birth and gametopathy

Jongbloet

1971

Clinical Genetics

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Monthly variations in the incidence of births of 441 patients with Down's syndrome, 317 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, and 126 patients with Turner's syndrome were studied. These three chromosomal aberrations showed almost identical seasonal variation with two maxima, a greater maximum in the period February to May and a smaller one in September. These fluctuations synchronous with those of the “normal” birth curve, but have a greater amplitude. To explain the variations, the following hypothesis is proposed: Seasonal fluctuations in the “normal” conception curve are caused by two basic oestric patterns, of which a phylogenetically younger (polyoestrus) is superimposed upon the phylogenetically older one (mono‐ or dioestrus). The latter is influenced by climatologic factors. The seasonal fluctuations in the “normal” conception curve can be explained by alternating periods of normal, i.e. ovulatory, and of disturbed, i.e. anovulatory, cycles. The increase of “pathological conceptions” during spring and autumn and the crease during winter and summer are caused by interference of the two basic oestric patterns. Such interference might retard the preovulatory or intrafollicular ripening of the egg cell, resulting in overripeness ovopathy. In addition, spermatopathy, too, could be influenced by climatalogic factors. Birth curves of parents of patients with Down's syndrome may suggest a constitutional factor, predisposing to “pathologic conceptions”.

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Der wetterbedingte Biotropismus im Blickfeld der Dermatologie und die Klimatherapie bei Hautkrankheiten

Linser¹

1967

Grundlagen Und Grenzgebiete Der Dermatologie

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Jahreszeiten und Belichtungen in ihrem Einfluß auf weibliche Genitalfunktionen

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

The Effect of Low Environmental Temperature on the Reproductive Cycle of Female Mice

The Effect of Low Environmental Temperature on the Reproductive Cycle of Female Mice

Month of birth and gametopathy

Der wetterbedingte Biotropismus im Blickfeld der Dermatologie und die Klimatherapie bei Hautkrankheiten

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