Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedling emergence is affected by organic horizon removal, ashes, soil, water and shade

Herr, D. G.; Duchesne, L.C.

doi:10.1007/bf01182828

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…banksiana relative to black spruce (Thomas & Wein, ) may help to explain the unexpected pattern of prolific jack pine recruitment after low‐severity fires (with only partial consumption of the organic layer) in black spruce‐dominated stands (Boiffin & Munson, ). Other fire‐induced changes to the soil that can affect early establishment include potential toxic effects of ash leachates in severely burned soils (Herr & Duchesne, ; Thomas & Wein, , ) and hydrophobicity of ash layers at the soil surface (Certini, ; Huffman, MacDonald, & Stednick, ).…”

Section: Demographic Filters Determine Postfire Vegetation Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other fire-induced changes to the soil that can affect early establishment include potential toxic effects of ash leachates in severely burned soils (Herr & Duchesne, 1995;Thomas & Wein, 1990 and hydrophobicity of ash layers at the soil surface (Certini, 2005;Huffman, MacDonald, & Stednick, 2001).…”

Section: Seed Germination Seedling Establishment and Seedling Surmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anticipating fire‐mediated impacts of climate change using a demographic framework

2018

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Climate change indirectly affects forest ecosystems through changes in the frequency, size, and/or severity of wildfires. In addition to its direct effects prior to fire, climate also influences immediate postfire recruitment, with consequences for future vegetation structure and fire activity. A major uncertainty, therefore, is if, when and where vegetation shifts will occur. With an emphasis on species traits, we use a demographic framework to examine how the interaction of changing climate and fire will affect postfire woody vegetation recruitment and the likelihood of vegetation shifts. Each demographic stage – adult mortality, propagule availability, seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling survival – serves as a filter through which a species must pass for establishment and recovery to occur. We apply this framework to case studies in western North American forests, including boreal and southwestern U.S. Pinus ponderosa forests, to help understand the mechanisms behind recent postfire vegetation changes. The case studies highlight how changes in climate and fire properties will make it increasingly difficult for some species to pass through each demographic filter in the future. As climate warming continues, we expect increased dominance of species that resprout following fire, maintain canopy or soil seed banks, have long distance seed dispersal, produce drought‐tolerant seedlings, and/or reach reproductive maturity quickly. The persistence of postfire vegetation shifts will depend the on ratio of recovery time to disturbance interval(s). An advantage of the demographic‐filter framework is that it places emphasis on mechanisms, thus improving our ability to anticipate future vegetation shifts. As such, it highlights the clear need for more mechanistic studies of postfire recruitment to disentangle the relative effects of multiple drivers in postfire environments. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13132/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Section: Demographic Filters Determine Postfire Vegetation Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seed Germination Seedling Establishment and Seedling Surmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipating fire‐mediated impacts of climate change using a demographic framework

2018

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“…Several studies have shown that fire behavior has significant impacts on initial tree regeneration. For example, seed germination and seedling survival generally increase with the degree of combustion of the organic layer at the soil surface (Chrosciewicz 1974;Sirois 1993;Herr and Duchesne 1995). In addition, although direct field evidence is very scarce, some studies suggest that damage occurs to canopy-stored seed banks during intense crown fires (Zasada et al 1979;Turner et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of fire behavior on postfire forest development in a homogeneous boreal landscape

Arseneault¹

2001

Can. J. For. Res.

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Although behavior of stand-replacing wildfire has significant impacts on initial tree regeneration in the fireprone boreal landscape, the unknown behavior of most past wildfires has precluded any evaluation of these impacts on the progressive development of late-successional forest ecosystems. In this study, the effects of fire behavior on longterm ecosystem development were evaluated by linking the banding pattern of tree density in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) -black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest on a flat and homogeneous landform in northern Quebec to a similar, previously documented pattern of unburned strips of tree crowns. Complex wildfire-atmosphere interactions during the spread of a 1941 stand-replacing wildfire created this pattern in stem density, most likely by differentially damaging the canopy-stored seed bank between areas of contrasting fire severity. Sites with initial differences in seedling densities have followed different recovery pathways and developed markedly different forest structures, as well as differences in species abundance. Compared with areas of severe crown fire, the present-day vegetation in areas of low crown fire severity shows a higher density of living pines in the canopy layer, higher spruce and dead pine densities in the subcanopy layer, a lower pine density in the understory layer, and a higher abundance of Cladina rangiferina (L.) and Cladina stellaris Opiz (Brodo) in the lichen mat. This close spatial connection between crown fire severity and the ecological processes driving ecosystem recovery may explain large differences in vegetation among sites in the boreal landscape.Résumé : Dans la zone boréale qui est soumise à un régime de feux létaux et récurrents, le comportement des incendies a un impact important sur la régénération après-feu des conifères. Toutefois, le manque de données sur les feux passés empêche d'étudier l'effet du comportement de ces feux sur l'historique de développement des forêts aujourd'hui matures. Dans le présent travail, les effets du comportement des incendies sur le développement à long terme des écosystèmes forestiers ont été évalués à partir du lien existant entre un patron de densité des tiges de pin gris (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) et d'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) dans un paysage plat et uniforme du nord de la forêt boréale au Québec et un patron, déjà observé ailleurs, de bandes de cimes épargnées par les feux. Des interactions complexes entre les conditions atmosphériques et la propagation d'un feu sévère en 1941 ont créé ce patron de densité des tiges, fort probablement en endommageant à différents degrés la banque de graines contenue dans la cime des arbres. Les sites présentant des différences initiales de densité de plantules ont suivi des patrons de développement distincts, de telle sorte qu'ils montrent aujourd'hui des écarts importants de structure et d'abondance specifique de la forêt. En comparaison des sites soumis à un feu de cimes sévère, les sites soumis à un feu de cime de faible sévérité aff...

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“…Closely related to this study was an experiment by Herr and Duchesne (1995), who determined that Pinus banksiana seedling emergence was most successful under high watering schedules, increasing depth of burn, high shading, and lack of ash deposit. An earlier study by Herr et al (1994) indicated that fire intensity correlated with seedling survival for Pinus resinosa Ait.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mycorrhization, physiognomy, and first-year survivability of conifer seedlings following natural fire in Grand Teton National Park

Miller¹,

McClean²,

Stanton³

et al. 1998

Can. J. For. Res.

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Ectomycorrhiza formation, survivability, and physiognomic characteristics were assessed for conifer seedlings encountered 1 and 2 years postfire in the Huck burn site near Grand Teton National Park. Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. germinated and was abundant throughout the first growing season. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. germinated during May and June but was rarely encountered by September. First-year survivorship of P. contorta seedlings was about 50% for east-facing burn and edge and west-facing burn treatments. Mortality was higher in the west-facing edge treatment at about 64%. Pinus contorta seedlings collected in July and August had allocated approximately 75% more biomass to epicotyl production than to hypocotyl production, whereas by September seedlings had allocated 30-50% of their biomass to hypocotyls, regardless of site or treatment. Few or no ectomycorrhizae were formed until September. By September 100% of surviving seedlings were ectomycorrhizal. The number of ectomycorrhizae was positively correlated with the number of primary needles and the root/shoot ratio. These results highlight the importance of mycorrhizae to conifer seedling survival during the initial growing season and point to alteration of carbon allocation as a primary mechanism affecting seedling survival.Résumé : La formation des ectomycorhizes, leur capacité de survivre et leurs caractéristiques physionomiques ont été évaluées chez des semis de conifère présents 1 et 2 ans après feu dans le site brûlé de Huck près du parc national Grand Teton. Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud. germait et était abondant pendant toute la première saison de croissance. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. germait en mai et en juin mais a rarement été rencontré en septembre. La survie des semis de P. contorta était d'environ 50% la première année dans les zones brûlées exposées à l'est, dans le pourtour des zones brûlées et dans les zones brûlées exposées à l'ouest. La mortalité était plus forte, atteignant environ 64%, dans les zones brûlées exposées à l'ouest. Les semis de P. contorta prélevés en juillet et août avaient alloué environ 75% plus de biomasse à la production de l'épicotyle qu'à la production de l'hypocotyle, tandis qu'en septembre les semis avaient alloué 30 à 50% de leur biomasse à l'hypocotyle, quelque soit le site ou le traitement. Peu ou pas d'ectomycorhizes ont été observés avant le mois de septembre. En septembre, 100% des semis qui avaient survécu étaient mycorhizés. Le nombre d'ectomycorhizes était positivement corrélé avec le nombre d'aiguilles primaires et avec le ratio racine/tige. Ces résultats font ressortir l'importance des mycorhizes pour la survie des semis de conifère pendant la saison initiale de croissance et indiquent que le changement dans l'allocation du carbone est le principal mécanisme qui affecte la survie des semis. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedling emergence is affected by organic horizon removal, ashes, soil, water and shade

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Anticipating fire‐mediated impacts of climate change using a demographic framework

Anticipating fire‐mediated impacts of climate change using a demographic framework

Impact of fire behavior on postfire forest development in a homogeneous boreal landscape

Mycorrhization, physiognomy, and first-year survivability of conifer seedlings following natural fire in Grand Teton National Park

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