Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Is Necessary and Sufficient To Induce a Contagious Lung Cancer in Sheep

Palmarini, Massimo; Sharp, J. M.; Heras, M. De las; Fan, Hung

doi:10.1128/jvi.73.8.6964-6972.1999

Cited by 217 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…SDS-PAGE and Western blots were performed from total cell lysates prepared 24 h post-infection as previously described [55,56]. SBV was detected using a rabbit polyclonal antibody against the SBV nucleocapsid protein.…”

Section: Western Blottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg Virus Pathogenesis, Tropism and Interaction with the Innate Immune System of the Host

et al. 2013

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging orthobunyavirus of ruminants associated with outbreaks of congenital malformations in aborted and stillborn animals. Since its discovery in November 2011, SBV has spread very rapidly to many European countries. Here, we developed molecular and serological tools, and an experimental in vivo model as a platform to study SBV pathogenesis, tropism and virus-host cell interactions. Using a synthetic biology approach, we developed a reverse genetics system for the rapid rescue and genetic manipulation of SBV. We showed that SBV has a wide tropism in cell culture and “synthetic” SBV replicates in vitro as efficiently as wild type virus. We developed an experimental mouse model to study SBV infection and showed that this virus replicates abundantly in neurons where it causes cerebral malacia and vacuolation of the cerebral cortex. These virus-induced acute lesions are useful in understanding the progression from vacuolation to porencephaly and extensive tissue destruction, often observed in aborted lambs and calves in naturally occurring Schmallenberg cases. Indeed, we detected high levels of SBV antigens in the neurons of the gray matter of brain and spinal cord of naturally affected lambs and calves, suggesting that muscular hypoplasia observed in SBV-infected lambs is mostly secondary to central nervous system damage. Finally, we investigated the molecular determinants of SBV virulence. Interestingly, we found a biological SBV clone that after passage in cell culture displays increased virulence in mice. We also found that a SBV deletion mutant of the non-structural NSs protein (SBVΔNSs) is less virulent in mice than wild type SBV. Attenuation of SBV virulence depends on the inability of SBVΔNSs to block IFN synthesis in virus infected cells. In conclusion, this work provides a useful experimental framework to study the biology and pathogenesis of SBV.

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Section: Western Blottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg Virus Pathogenesis, Tropism and Interaction with the Innate Immune System of the Host

et al. 2013

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“…6,40 JSRV is the causative agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma, a transmissible lung cancer of sheep. 41 A unique feature of JSRV among oncogenic retroviruses is that its Env glycoprotein is the main determinant of cell transformation both in vitro and in vivo. [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Expression of the JSRV Env alone is able to transform a variety of cell lines in vitro, including mouse, rat, and chicken fibroblasts as well as human bronchial, canine, and rat epithelial cells.…”

Section: Endogenous Betaretroviruses Of Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Retroviruses in Trophoblast Differentiation and Placental Development

Black

Arnaud

Palmarini

et al. 2010

American J Rep Immunol

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Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are present in the genome of all vertebrates and originated from infections of the germline of the host by exogenous retroviruses. ERVs have coevolved with their hosts for millions of years and are recognized to contribute to genome plasticity, protect the host against infection of related pathogenic and exogenous retroviruses, and play a vital role in development of the placenta. Consequently, some ERVs have been positively selected and maintained in the host genome throughout evolution. This review will focus on the critical role of ERVs in development of the mammalian placenta and specifically highlight the biological role of sheep JSRV-related endogenous betaretroviruses in conceptus (embryo and associated extraembryonic membranes) development.

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“…Other diseases affecting agricultural or aquacultural systems may be difficult to detect if they occur asymptomatically and if so they may be spread with the movement of animals. Examples include bovine tuberculosis (Gilbert et al, 2005), Jaagsiekte in sheep (Palmarini et al, 1999), and Johne's Disease (Whittington and Sergeant, 2007) from agriculture and KHV (Taylor et al, 2010) and oyster herpesvirus (Arzul et al, 2002) from aquaculture. Even cases of clinical disease may go unnoticed if producers consider the condition is 'normal', e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling management strategies for a disease including undetected sub-clinical infection: Bacterial kidney disease in Scottish salmon and trout farms

Murray¹,

Hall²,

Munro³

et al. 2011

Epidemics

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Disease is a major constraint on animal production and welfare in agriculture and aquaculture. Movement of animals between farms is one of the most significant routes of disease transmission and is particularly hard to control for pathogens with subclinical infection. Renibacterium salmoninarum causes bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, but infection is often sub-clinical and may go undetected with major potential implications for disease control programmes. A Susceptible-Infected model of R. salmoninarum in Scottish aquaculture has been developed that subdivides the infected phase between known and undetected sub-clinically infected farms and diseased farms whose status is assumed to be known. Farms officially known to be infected are subject to movement controls restricting spread of infection. Model results are sensitive to prevalence of undetected infection, which is unknown. However, the modelling suggests that controls that reduce BKD prevalence include improve biosecurity on farms, including those not known to be infected, and improved detection of infection. Culling appears of little value for BKD control. BKD prevalence for rainbow trout farms is less sensitive to controls than it is for Atlantic salmon farms and so different management strategies may be required for the sectors.

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Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Is Necessary and Sufficient To Induce a Contagious Lung Cancer in Sheep

Cited by 217 publications

References 42 publications

Schmallenberg Virus Pathogenesis, Tropism and Interaction with the Innate Immune System of the Host

Schmallenberg Virus Pathogenesis, Tropism and Interaction with the Innate Immune System of the Host

Endogenous Retroviruses in Trophoblast Differentiation and Placental Development

Modelling management strategies for a disease including undetected sub-clinical infection: Bacterial kidney disease in Scottish salmon and trout farms

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