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<p>Healthy Eating, Physical Activity, and Sleep Hygiene (HEPAS) as the Winning Triad for Sustaining Physical and Mental Health in Patients at Risk for or with Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Considerations for Clinical Practice</p>

“…The impending global pandemics of obesity and sleep disturbances are not effectively controlled by lifestyle interventions because the integration in clinical practice has never been systematic. Neuropsychiatric patients were often reported to have unhealthy dietary habits, 27,34,147,148 sedentary behaviors, [77][78][79] and poor sleep hygiene. [109][110][111][112] Even if some neuropsychiatric conditions can directly or indirectly affect eating behaviors, 29 in terms of direction of causality, a poor diet has remarkably been shown to precede the onset of mental illnesses, 149 with similar time dependence for both sedentary lifestyles and poor sleep.…”

“…The bi-directional relationship between a healthy brain and physical fitness is not a new concept 75,76 and many cross-sectional studies showed that people suffering from severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, have very low levels of physical activity in relation with longer illness duration and drug use. 77 Not only the lowest physical activity levels, but even much time spent being sedentary are behavioral features of those subjects with severe neuropsychiatric disorders. 78,79 Individuals who exercise the most may have a larger total brain volume, with the incremental physical activity having different effects on multiple brain regions.…”