"J"-Type Diabetes

Tulloch, J. A.; Macintosh, D.M.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(61)92645-9

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…7 $ Type J diabetes was reported as a personal communication and cited by Tulloch and Macintosh. 10 These reports are not as reliable as the original reports.…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Malnutrition Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Dietary Cyanide and Tropical Malnutrition Diabetes

1979

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Two categories of diabetes are recognized in the temperate zone--ketosis-prone diabetes requiring insulin and diabetes not requiring insulin. Another unique type of diabetes occurs in the tropics. It has two forms, both different from either form of temperate zone diabetes. Type J and pancreatic diabetes are both characterized by youth onset, antecedent malnutrition, substantial insulin requirement, and resistance to ketosis. In the tropical countries where they are found, both forms are associated with specific dietary practices, including a nutritionally marginal protein intake. The close association with low protein intake distinguishes this form of diabetes from that occurring in North America, Europe, and Oceania. The geographic distribution of malnutrition diabetes, in addition to being limited to the tropics, coincides regularly with the consumption of tapioca (cassava) or other foods that contain cyanide-yielding substances. Ingested cyanide is normally detoxified, principally, by conversion to thiocyanate. This detoxification requires sulfur, derived principally from amino acid sources. Studies in the rat indicate a remarkable ability to detoxify ingested cyanide, a reduction in urinary thiocyanate excretion when protein intake is lowered (especially during growth), production of marked hyperglycemia by either oral or parenteral cyanide, and the development of cyanosis and epidermal changes when there is prolonged exposure to cyanide. Both the association of malnutrition diabetes with food cyanogens and our laboratory observations support a role for cyanide in its pathogenesis.

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“…7 $ Type J diabetes was reported as a personal communication and cited by Tulloch and Macintosh. 10 These reports are not as reliable as the original reports.…”

Section: Geographic Distribution Of Malnutrition Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Dietary Cyanide and Tropical Malnutrition Diabetes

1979

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“…The basis of insulin resistance in this syndrome is not known. Tulloch et al 10 suggested that it is simply an expression of poor diabetic control, superimposed on a background of a high carbohydrate low fat diet. Alternatively Tripathy and Kar 4 proposed that the post-prandial levels of human growth hormone were raised, leading to excessive mobilisation of free fatty acids, and hence increased peripheral insulin resistance 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Type J’ Diabetes in New Guinea—Studies of Insulin Release and Insulin Sensitivity

Alford¹,

Kiss²,

Martin³

et al. 1970

Australasian Annals of Medicine

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“…Blacks (37) and possibly West Africans (38). "J" type diabetes, originally described in Jamaica by HughJones (39) for ketosis-and insulin-resistant but insulin-dependent young patients, is no longer used as a diagnostic group after Tulloch had followed some of the original patients who eventually developed ketosis (40). However, uncertainty of how to classify these patients persists.…”

Section: Multiple Logistic Regression For Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black West Indian and Matched White Diabetics in Britain Compared With Diabetics in Jamaica: Body Mass, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Disease

Cruickshank

Alleyne

1987

Diabetes Care

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This study was designed to compare the prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetic vascular disease, and risk factors in Black West Indians who had emigrated to Britain (WIB) with those in Whites in England and among diabetic Jamaicans in Jamaica. Seventy-seven consecutive WIB patients were matched for age, sex, known duration of diabetes, and type of treatment of diabetes with 74 Whites from the same diabetes clinic in England. In Jamaica, a systematic random sample (95 women, 36 men) was studied. There was no difference in age at diagnosis between WIBs and Jamaicans. Effort chest pain (possible angina) was less frequent in WIBs (9%) or Jamaicans (3%) than in Whites (25%). Cigarette smoking was more common in WIBs than in Whites but still low in Jamaicans. Body mass index was greatest in WIB women (85%), significantly more than in matched White (52%) or Jamaican women (45%); 40% of White men and WIB men were obese, significantly more than Jamaicans (15% obese). Systolic blood pressure was similar, but diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater in WIBs than in matched White subjects. The prevalence of casual hypertension was high (greater than 40%) in all groups, often despite treatment. Cataracts were significantly more frequent in WIB and Jamaican groups than in Whites. Total background retinopathy after correcting for duration of diabetes did not differ between groups, and there were no significant differences in other complication rates. Levels of HbA1 were lower in Whites than in the other groups. Regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure was most consistently related to complications, particularly retinopathy, independent of ethnic group and duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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"J"-Type Diabetes

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Dietary Cyanide and Tropical Malnutrition Diabetes

Dietary Cyanide and Tropical Malnutrition Diabetes

‘Type J’ Diabetes in New Guinea—Studies of Insulin Release and Insulin Sensitivity

Black West Indian and Matched White Diabetics in Britain Compared With Diabetics in Jamaica: Body Mass, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Disease

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