Ixodidin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the hemocytes of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus with inhibitory activity against serine proteinases

Fogaça, Andréa Cristina; Almeida, Igor C.; Eberlin, Marcos N.; Tanaka, Aparecida S.; Bulet, Philippe; Daffre, Sirlei

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.07.013

Cited by 113 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…(B.) microplus, peptides that inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria and fungi were identified in intestine contents, hemolymph, ovaries of engorged females and eggs (Fogaça et al 1999(Fogaça et al , 2006. It is not known, however, if expression of these peptides increases after infection.…”

Section: Immune System Of Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic fungi against South American tick species

Fernandes

Bittencourt

2008

Exp Appl Acarol

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Ticks are parasites of serious concern for humans, domesticated animals and wild animals. Despite scientific advances, in South America the principal control method for ticks is the use of chemical acaricides. Indiscriminate use of these products causes environmental pollution, food contamination and development of tick resistance to acaricides. In vitro studies and field trials have demonstrated that pathogenic fungal isolates not only cause mortality of many tick species, but also reduce subsequent generations due to effects on their reproductive efficacy. Accordingly, this review presents results of several studies which were conducted in South America. Furthermore, it outlines current information on fungal pathogens of ticks and discusses the need to develop and implement effective strategies for use of entomopathogenic fungi to control ticks in the near future.

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Section: Immune System Of Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic fungi against South American tick species

Fernandes

Bittencourt

2008

Exp Appl Acarol

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“…(B.) microplus (25,27,28). Assuming that the main antibacterial mechanism of microplusin is indeed metal chelation, there are a number of possibilities worth exploring: (i) some organisms have higher copper pools than others and, thus, are less sensitive to depletion; (ii) depending on the metabolic properties of the microorganism, copper could be more or less essential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Mode of Action of Microplusin, a Copper II-chelating Antimicrobial Peptide from the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Silva

Rezende

Rossi

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Microplusin, a Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is the first fully characterized member of a new family of cysteine-rich AMPs with histidine-rich regions at the N and C termini. In the tick, microplusin belongs to the arsenal of innate defense molecules active against bacteria and fungi. Here we describe the NMR solution structure of microplusin and demonstrate that the protein binds copper II and iron II. Structured as a single ␣-helical globular domain, microplusin consists of five ␣-helices: ␣1 (residues Gly-9 to Arg-21), ␣2 (residues Glu-27 to Asn-40), ␣3 (residues Arg-44 to Thr-54), ␣4 (residues Leu-57 to Tyr-64), and ␣5 (residues Asn-67 to Cys-80). The N and C termini are disordered. This structure is unlike any other AMP structures described to date. We also used NMR spectroscopy to map the copper binding region on microplusin. Finally, using the Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus as a model, we studied of mode of action of microplusin. Microplusin has a bacteriostatic effect and does not permeabilize the bacterial membrane. Because microplusin binds metals, we tested whether this was related to its antimicrobial activity. We found that the bacteriostatic effect of microplusin was fully reversed by supplementation of culture media with copper II but not iron II. We also demonstrated that microplusin affects M. luteus respiration, a copper-dependent process. Thus, we conclude that the antibacterial effect of microplusin is due to its ability to bind and sequester copper II.

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“…Other antimicrobial peptides present in tick hemolymph have been identified and suggested to play an essential role for survival and prevention of pathogen invasion throughout the tick's body (FOGACA et al, 2004(FOGACA et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Hemelipoproteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches toward anti-Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick vaccine

Parizi¹,

Pohl²,

Masuda³

et al. 2009

RBPV

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The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (formerly Boophilus microplus) is the major ectoparasite affecting livestock in America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Conventional tick control is based on the use of acaricides but immunization of bovines with tick gut proteins induces only a partial protective immune response. Based on this information, distinct research groups have explored the possibility of protecting the animals by inducing an immune response against other tick proteins. However, the antigens so far described do not induce the necessary protection for suppressing the use of acaricides. Currently, several groups are engaged in identifying new tick proteins to be used as targets for the development of new vaccines. This approach focuses on the enhancement of the immunogenicity of antigens already tested by incorporating new adjuvants or formulations and by searching for new antigens. This paper reviews the work done by Brazilian researchers to develop a vaccine against this tick.Keywords: Boophilus microplus, Rhipicephalus microplus, vaccine, tick, control. ResumoO carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (anteriormente Boophilus microplus) é o principal ectoparasita que afeta bovinos na América, Ásia, África e Oceania e o seu controle é tradicionalmente realizado através do uso de acaricidas. Experimentos de imunização com proteínas do carrapato mostram que a resposta imune desenvolvida pelos bovinos vacinados protege, em parte, os animais do parasitismo. Baseado nessas observações, vários grupos de pesquisa exploram a possibilidade de proteger os animais pela indução de uma resposta imune contra proteínas do carrapato. Entretanto, os antígenos já caracterizados não asseguram o grau de proteção necessário para suprimir o uso de acaricidas. Portanto, esses grupos de pesquisa estão engajados na tentativa de identificar novas proteínas que possam ser utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de novas vacinas, as quais possam induzir maior imunogenicidade de que os antígenos já testados, através do uso de novas formulações e/ou pela incorporação de adjuvantes. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre os resultados obtidos por pesquisadores brasileiros no desenvolvimento de vacinas contra o carrapato.

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Ixodidin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the hemocytes of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus with inhibitory activity against serine proteinases

Cited by 113 publications

References 43 publications

Entomopathogenic fungi against South American tick species

Entomopathogenic fungi against South American tick species

Structure and Mode of Action of Microplusin, a Copper II-chelating Antimicrobial Peptide from the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

New approaches toward anti-Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick vaccine

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