“…(2.1) have also been compared with vapour pressures calculated with the commercial HSC Chemistry 7.1 software 14 based on extensive compilation of thermochemical data therein. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In addition, the vapour pressure was calculated utilizing the Clausius-Clapeyron equation…”
Section: F Determination Of the Kcl Vapour Pressurementioning
A novel design of alkali chloride vapour-generating cell has been developed, which can serve as a calibration cell for quantitative ultraviolet absorption concentration measurements and meticulous spectral investigations of alkali compounds. The calibration cell was designed to provide alkali vapour of well-controlled concentrations and temperatures, and consisted of a sealed quartz cell measuring 0.4 m in length with a temperature-controlled reservoir containing solid alkali salt. The cell was placed in a furnace and the alkali vapours generated from the reservoir have direct access to the measuring chamber. Investigations of potassium chloride (KCl) were made on sublimated vapour at temperatures 650, 700, 750, 780, and 800 °C while the reservoir temperature was kept 50 °C lower to avoid condensation. The cell provides stable KCl vapour pressures, and the furnace provides a homogenous temperature profile along the cell. KCl vapour pressures are well characterised and conform the base for determination of the KCl concentration in the cell. The alkali chloride levels matched the concentration range of the absorption setup and indicated a previously employed calibration method to overestimate KCl concentrations. The KCl absorption cross sections for wavelengths λ=197.6 nm and λ=246.2 nm were calculated to be 3.4 × 10−17 and 2.9 × 10−17 cm2/molecule, respectively. The absorption cross section spectra did not show any structural differences with increasing temperature, which could indicate influence of dimers or significant changes of the population in the KCl vibrational states. The KCl absorption cross sections thus did not show any temperature dependence in the temperature region of 700–800 °C. Moreover, the applicability of the calibration cell for measurement of other alkali chlorides and hydroxides is discussed.
“…(2.1) have also been compared with vapour pressures calculated with the commercial HSC Chemistry 7.1 software 14 based on extensive compilation of thermochemical data therein. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In addition, the vapour pressure was calculated utilizing the Clausius-Clapeyron equation…”
Section: F Determination Of the Kcl Vapour Pressurementioning
A novel design of alkali chloride vapour-generating cell has been developed, which can serve as a calibration cell for quantitative ultraviolet absorption concentration measurements and meticulous spectral investigations of alkali compounds. The calibration cell was designed to provide alkali vapour of well-controlled concentrations and temperatures, and consisted of a sealed quartz cell measuring 0.4 m in length with a temperature-controlled reservoir containing solid alkali salt. The cell was placed in a furnace and the alkali vapours generated from the reservoir have direct access to the measuring chamber. Investigations of potassium chloride (KCl) were made on sublimated vapour at temperatures 650, 700, 750, 780, and 800 °C while the reservoir temperature was kept 50 °C lower to avoid condensation. The cell provides stable KCl vapour pressures, and the furnace provides a homogenous temperature profile along the cell. KCl vapour pressures are well characterised and conform the base for determination of the KCl concentration in the cell. The alkali chloride levels matched the concentration range of the absorption setup and indicated a previously employed calibration method to overestimate KCl concentrations. The KCl absorption cross sections for wavelengths λ=197.6 nm and λ=246.2 nm were calculated to be 3.4 × 10−17 and 2.9 × 10−17 cm2/molecule, respectively. The absorption cross section spectra did not show any structural differences with increasing temperature, which could indicate influence of dimers or significant changes of the population in the KCl vibrational states. The KCl absorption cross sections thus did not show any temperature dependence in the temperature region of 700–800 °C. Moreover, the applicability of the calibration cell for measurement of other alkali chlorides and hydroxides is discussed.
“…The thermodynamic treatment of experimental results is based on the following reaction: (5), (6) (7) The temperature dependence of equilibrium constant K(T) was calculated using the IVTANTHERMO data base for thermo-chemical properties of pure substances 10) :…”
The solubility of oxygen in iron-silicon melts in equilibrium with silica was measured within the range from 0.1 up to 70 mass% Si at 1 873 K. The experimental procedure involved alloys melting in silica crucibles under argon atmosphere. The sampling was made by melt sucking into quartz tubes, equipped with copper chillers. The oxygen content of analytical samples was determined with inert gas fusion analysis after careful sample preparation. The results obtained were treated by thermodynamic model, which allowed to calculated the activity and solubility of oxygen in Fe-Si melts up to 100 mass% Si.The isotherm of oxygen solubility exhibits both intermediate minimum and maximum at 20 and 85 mass% Si, respectively. The corresponding values of oxygen saturated contents are as follows: 1.4 and 94 mg/g. The activity coefficient of oxygen shows alternating deviations from the additive behaviour. These are positive in the iron rich melts, containing up to 45 mass% Si. In the melts with higher silicon content the deviations from additivity are negative. The following values of interaction parameters were calculated: e
“…Absolute entropy (S°2 98 = 247.279 JÁK À1 Ámol À1 ) and heat capacity (C°p ,298 = 41.742 JÁK À1 Ámol À1 ) of Se 2 (g), which were necessary for the calculation, were taken from IVTANTERMO Database [21].…”
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