IV. Immunologic Studies

South, Mary Ann; Montgomery, John R.; Richie, Ellen R.; Mukhopadhyay, Nalini; Criswell, B. S.; Mackler, Bruce; Fazio, S. R. De; Bealmear, Patricia M.; Heim, L R; Trentin, John J.; Dressman, Gordon R.; O'Neill, Peggy A.

doi:10.1203/00006450-197701000-00005

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This study incorporates a 9-year period from age 3 to age 12 in the life of a male child with congenital SCID. Up to age 12 the subject was retained in a series of isolated enviroments, and he has been the subject of a variety of other investigations (3,5,7,14,19,20,22,26,28,35,37). Because a deceased antecedent brother of the patient was shown to have SCID which contributed to his death by pneumocystic pneumonia in his first year (35) and because several members of the subject's maternal lineage may have had immune deficiencies (18), the subject was delivered by caesarean section and maintained in isolation until appropriate therapy could be applied to correct the deficiency (29).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child

Taylor¹,

Kropp²,

Molina³

1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A male child, maintained in a controlled environment, was monitored each month for bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi recovered from the mouth, nasal passages, feces, and nine body surface sites. Three natural microbial categories became apparent. (i) Incident microorganisms were recovered from within the isolator but did not establish permanent residence. Of the 53 incident types isolated, 20 were filamentous fungi and 4 were yeasts. Some genera, such as Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Neisseria, and Rothia, which were commonly found in the reference group, did not become permanent inhabitants. (ii) Transient microorganisms were repeatedly recovered but could not be demonstrated within the isolated environment at the end of the study. The loss of only a few of the 19 transient species could be associated with antimicrobial therapy. (iii) Permanent microorganisms consisted of Pencillium citrinum and 17 bacterial types, of which alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus edpidermidis subgroups II and V, Micrococcus groups 1 and 2, Clostridium bifermentans, and Propionibacterium acnes were recovered throughout the entire 9 years of the study. The number of CFUs recovered from each sample type was generally not unlike that from the reference group of healthy male adults. Also, the number of different aerobic species recovered from the feces was within the normal range of that of the reference group. In contrast, the number of different species recovered from all other samples was less than that commonly found in the reference group.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nine-year microflora study of an isolator-maintained immunodeficient child

Taylor¹,

Kropp²,

Molina³

1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The fact that the subject has remained disease free in the presence of a microbial population may stimulate some thought as to the relative importance of other defense factors. For example, his complement activity and phagocytic activity are within normal limits, his skin has remained intact (except for a skin graft at age 6 months [17]), frank pathogens have not been recovered from within the isolator, and microorganisms have not been isolated in unusually high numbers. Under these conditions it may be possible for the patient to remain infection free, even in the absence of specific immune activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of severe combined immune deficiency was confirmed by quantitation of the child's immunoglobulins, challenge of his immune system in vivo with standard and experimental antigens and skin grafting, and in vitro testing of his lymphoid cells for reactivity to phytohemagglutininin and pokeweed mitogen. In addition, the child had a diminished number of lymphocytes, very low levels of circulating immunoglobulins G and M, and no immunoglobulin A detectable by quantitative precipitation techniques (17). Although attempts were made to restrict contamination of the subject by maintenance in a plastic isolator at all times and feeding him sterile food, Wilson et al (21) reported recovery of a number of contaminants over the first 28 months of the subject's life.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microflora analysis of a child with severe combined immune deficiency

Taylor¹,

Kropp²,

Molina³

1978

Infect Immun

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An infant with severe combined immune deficiency was delivered by Caesarean section and continuously maintained in an isolator in an effort to restrict microbial contact. However, during the past 5 years the child came in contact with at least 54 different microbial contaminants. His skin autoflora was similar to the reference group of healthy male adults in numbers of different species and the number of viable cells present per square centimeter of surface area. The subject's autoflora differed from the reference group in that significantly fewer anaerobic species were recovered from the patient's mouth and feces. The populations on the skin and in the upper respiratory tract were almost exclusively composed of staphylococci and micrococci, although several species that commonly inhabit these areas were infrequently isolated and failed to colonize. The fecal autoflora was dominated by staphylococci, and bacilli clostridia recovered in typical numbers. Enterobacter agglomerans, not commonly recovered from the reference group, was a frequent inhabitant of the mouth and feces of the child. The fact that this severe combined immune-deficient patient has remained disease free in the presence of this microbial population illustrates the noninvasive nature of the bacteria present, as well as the importance of unaffected components of the child's immune defense mechanism.

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“…T-cell function was absent as measured by the blastogenic response to PHA and there was no change in the results over several years (7,10) (Tables 25.2, 25.4). Also, in assessing his T-cell responses, the child failed to reject an allogeneic skin patch (from Dr South) placed on his arm (7). Injections of thymosin did not change his T-cell function (7).…”

Section: Immunological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Also, in assessing his T-cell responses, the child failed to reject an allogeneic skin patch (from Dr South) placed on his arm (7). Injections of thymosin did not change his T-cell function (7). Lymphocyte markers revealed an average of 50-100% for Bcells (surface Ig + ) and 3-12 percent for T-cells (E-rosette forming lymphocytes).…”

Section: Immunological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%