IV. Epidemiology and planning for the North Carolina Regional Medical Program.

Tyroler, Herman A.; Smith, Harlan

doi:10.2105/ajph.58.6.1058

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Tyroler and Smith used cartograms to explore mortality patterns of cerebrovascular disease in North Carolina. 6 We have developed statistical methods for rigorous analysis of transformed maps to detect clustering of cases of disease around a fixed point (for example, a nuclear arsenal or a waste water treatment facility). In this paper we first describe a transformation algorithm suggested by Selvin et a/.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Density equalized map projections: A method for analysing clustering around a fixed point

Schulman

Selvin

Merrill

1988

Statistics in Medicine

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Cases plotted on a geopolitical map entail difficulties in interpretation and analysis because of variable population density in the study area. Density equalized map projections (DEMPs) eliminate the distribution of the resident population as an interfering influence by transforming map area to be proportional to population. This paper discusses a transformation algorithm, its properties, and develops statistical methods to detect clustering of cases around a fixed point for data plotted on DEMPs. We suggest two numeric methods where exact solutions are too complicated or do not exist. Finally, we illustrate these methods using data from Denver and Jefferson counties in Colorado to investigate whether lung cancer and leukaemia incidence patterns are associated with plutonium exposure from the Rocky Flats plant site.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Density equalized map projections: A method for analysing clustering around a fixed point

Schulman

Selvin

Merrill

1988

Statistics in Medicine

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“…Cartograms are relatively new to public health but have been used successfully to map patterns of chronic disease, including the distribution of Wilms tumors in New York State,16 mortality patterns of cerebrovascular disease in North Carolina,17 and associations between both lung cancer and leukemia and the Rocky Flats plant site in Colorado 10. Other successful cartograms have been developed to analyze the spatial distribution of cryptosporidiosis among AIDS patients in San Francisco, California,18 and to characterize the spatial distribution of late-state and in situ breast cancer among women in the San Francisco Bay Area 19.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Density-Equalizing Cartograms to Visualize Trends and Disparities in State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity: 1996–2006

Houle

Holt²,

Gillespie³

et al. 2009

Am J Public Health

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Objectives We used cartograms to visually communicate the state-specific prevalence of obesity and its association with socioeconomic variables over time to benefit and inform decisions by national health policymakers who address geographic and social inequities in health. Methods We generated density-equalizing maps, known as cartograms (in which geographic regions are sized in proportion to some variable), that illustrate indicators of population and educational attainment. We also provide an innovative presentation of the obesity choropleth map (which presents values for areas by shading). Results The maps depict the absolute burden of obesity, the inverse association between obesity and education, and geographic patterns in the prevalence of obesity over time. Conclusions The prevalence of obesity in the United States continues to increase. These cartograms can help stakeholders interpret surveillance data and their relation to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics to inform decisions.

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“…The findings in the present study confirm previous reports which showed differences in the years 1950 to 1959* and 1959 to 1961. 5 Those reports, however, were based only on entries of stroke as the underlying cause of death, and it seemed possible that regional differences in certification practices could account for these findings. In the present study, the regional differences in mortality were present when stroke was certified as either the underlying or secondary cause of death, and it seems unlikely that the variation in mortality is an artifact related to the place of entry of stroke diagnoses in the death certificate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Geographic differences in mortality from stroke in North Caroline. 1. Analysis of death certificates.

Heyman¹,

Tyroler²,

Cassel³

et al. 1976

Stroke

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SUMMARY Analysis of death certification in North Carolina for a three-year period, 1969 through 1971, showed regional differences in mortality rates from stroke in white men, with the highest rates in the Plains (tobacco growing and farming) area and the lowest rates in the Mountain region. These geographic differences in death rates were observed in all but the youngest age decade and also in the various types of stroke, i.e., hemorrhagic and occlusive cerebrovascular diseases. This regional variation in mortality, however, was not present in white women or blacks. The prevalence at death of heart disease, hypertension and diabetes also was higher in the Plains than in the Mountain region, suggesting that the observed geographic variation of stroke mortality is related to one or more of these major risk factors. It is concluded that the geographic differences in stroke mortality, which had been reported during previous decades, are real and are not due to variations in death certification, errors in diagnosis, or other explanations that might artificially produce inaccuracies in vital statistics.

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IV. Epidemiology and planning for the North Carolina Regional Medical Program.

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Density equalized map projections: A method for analysing clustering around a fixed point

Density equalized map projections: A method for analysing clustering around a fixed point

Use of Density-Equalizing Cartograms to Visualize Trends and Disparities in State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity: 1996–2006

Geographic differences in mortality from stroke in North Caroline. 1. Analysis of death certificates.

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