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formers stepping up to 27,600 volts. The size of generator selected for a sta tion must be determined by over-all eco nomics and an arbitrary upper limit within manufacturing limits can hardly be set. The size of machine is affected by rate of load growth as well as size of load. Some studies I made a few years ago indicate that one can frequently secure lower cost firm capacity by using relatively few large units even though this results in some excess in total kw capacity installed as compared with the use of smaller machines, and furthermore, this excess capacity soon be comes usable capacity in a growing system. I am entirely in sympathy with Mr. Sporn's objective of having Institute papers that give reasons for doing things rather than simply a description of what has been done. In reviewing my own paper I find that the explanations are not as clearly pointed out, and particularly the reasons back of the principles which are indicated as being controlling factors are not as well given as I intended in writing the paper. However, an author is limited by the very practical consideiation of space and the reader's patience, and the further difficulty of being able to distinguish between a rationalization of what has been done and the real motivating factors that governed when the design was prepared.
F year's report, the A.I.E.E. committee on power energy is discussed in a paper8' presented at the generation* continued to promote the dis-1933 summer convention. cussion of matters in the field of electric power The salient features and the economics of high generation from a retrospective and generally anapressure and high temperature steam-electric power lytical viewpoint, for the particular purpose of plants were analyzed in a paper"9 presented at the weighing recent tendencies in design to the end that 1933 winter convention. In the discussion mention profitable avenues of progress may be revealed and was made of the modern method of fabricating presutilized when capital investment again is resumed sure vessels by means of the electric arc. on a hitherto normal scale in the construction of Although the volume of generating plant construcpower-generating facilities. The committee does tion is small in the plants that have been designed not believe that the present lull in construction ac-recently, contemporary ideas as to economy in intivities should result in a stagnation of the directive vestment and operation are developed to an extent thought that will be responsible for the design of that is probably in advance of anything hitherto power stations in the future, nor in the entire diver-attempted. Progress in the use of large boilers and sion of such ability to the problems of minor improveturbines operating at 1,300 lb per sq in. and 850 ments and operation under reduced output, com-deg F with a ratio of one boiler per turbine is exmendable and necessary as such duties may be. emplified by the Port Washington plant of the Mil-It is glad to report a very real interest among re-waukee (Wis.) Electric Railway and Light Company. sponsible engineers in the consideration of the The design of this plant is described in a paper3@ major pnnciples governing the economic generation presented at the 1933 A.I.E.E. summer convention. of power, and to note that fundamental thought Another paper42 presented at the same convention and work are being actively continued. discusses the rehabilitation of a low pressure steamThe committee calls attention in this report to power plant on a large system, which had been prac-4 papers3 presented at the 1932 A.I.E.E. summer tically retired except for peak service. This reconvention, Cleveland, Ohio, that discuss current habilitation was accomplished by installing a turpractices in the operation of power systems which bine to operate with throttle steam at 655 lb per sq include several generating plants. The success in in. and 850 deg F, and to exhaust at pressures up to the operating interconnection among a group of 220 lb per sq in. into the mains that supply the low plants to supply a load area has been one of the pressure turbines. The compounding of the new notable achievements in the last decade in the field turbine upon the old station has made an almost obof power generation. These 4 papers summarize solete plant the most efficient on the system. present ideas about the m...
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