IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 73. Metal and Ammonium Formate Systems

Abstract

This volume reviews the metal and ammonium formate solubility data published up to 1995. So far as the editors are aware, all the solubility data published during this period have been reviewed. Preference has been given to data published in numerical form. Data that appeared only in graphical form may not appear in this volume. In each section the metal atoms are arranged in the order (group) in which they appear in the Periodic Table. Metal formates are crystalline solids having some interesting chemical and physical properties. Several of these salts are important because they have nonlinear optical properties. Specific examples are: LiCHO2⋅H2O (3), NaCHO2 (4), Sr(CHO2)2, and Sr(CHO2)2⋅2H2O, Ba(CHO2)2, formates of Sc, Y and the rare earth elements having the general formula Me(CHO2)3⋅nH2O (where Me=Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm…Lu) and some double salts and mixed salts such as NaCd(CHO2)3, BaCd(CHO2)4⋅2H2O and Li0.9Na0.1CHO2. Some metal formates have useful electric or magnetic characteristics. Thus, Cu(CHO2)2⋅4H2O has ferroelectric properties, Cu(CHO2)2 is ferromagnetic, Mn(CHO2)2⋅2H2O is antiferromagnetic, CuBa2(CHO2)6⋅4H2O is paramagnetic, and the formates of Ca, Cd, and Sr have elastic and thermoplastic properties. Bivalent metal formates could be used as precursors for the production of catalysts because they show excellent miscibility in the solid state, i.e., they form mixed crystals that dissociate at relatively low temperatures (about 300 °C) to form the respective oxides and mixed oxides. There are also additional smaller-scale uses of metal formates. The wide interest in the applications and uses of metal formates will lead to an interest in seeking methods for the preparation of these materials. Solubility data for the metal formates will be helpful in devising the methods of preparation. Therefore, this volume has been prepared to present and evaluate solubility data for the binary, ternary and multicomponent systems containing metal formates in aqueous and in nonaqueous solutions.

Hydrogen production from formic acid vapour over a Pd/C catalyst promoted by potassium salts: Evidence for participation of buffer-like solution in the pores of the catalyst

“…Hence, a correlation may exist between the solubility of the alkali metal formate [30] and the activity of the promoted catalyst in formic acid decomposition; this will be discussed further below.…”

“…The discussion above has been based largely on a discussion of the use of K carbonate as promoter but similar arguments also apply to the promotion observed with the other alkali carbonate promoters, the activation energy for the decomposition of the formate ions formed being approximately the same for all the alkali metal cations (Table 1), the main differences being probably due to differences in the solubilities of the corresponding formates [30] in the pores of the Pd/C catalyst used. It is also interesting to note that the promotional effect was found for the water-gas shift reaction although that reaction only proceeded at significantly higher temperatures.…”

In Situ Coating of Li[Ni0.33Mn0.33Co0.33]O2 Particles to Enable Aqueous Electrode Processing

“…An explanation for such an unexpected behavior is indeed the precipitation of transition metal phosphates and/or hydrogen phosphates, which are both known to be highly insoluble, that form a protective deposit on the surface of the cathode material. The same does not occur for FA because of the high solubility of transition metal formates in water …”

The Impact of Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors (MEG and Methanol) on Scale Dissolver Performance

“…Literature data review showed that the solubility of calcium formate at 50°C is with 17.3 g/100g H 2 O, considerably lower than the solubility of calcium acetate (anhydrous) with 31.5 -32.1 g/100g H 2 O (Balarew et al 2001;Saury et al 1993). This would suggest that the observed precipitated compound is likely to be calcium formate.…”