iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Spirulina platensis in Response to Low Temperature Stress

Abstract

Low temperature (LT) is one of the most important abiotic stresses that can significantly reduce crop yield. To gain insight into how Spirulina responds to LT stress, comprehensive physiological and proteomic analyses were conducted in this study. Significant decreases in growth and pigment levels as well as excessive accumulation of compatible osmolytes were observed in response to LT stress. An isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics approach was used to identify changes in protein abundance in Spirulina under LT. A total of 3,782 proteins were identified, of which 1,062 showed differential expression. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that differentially expressed proteins that were enriched in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and translation are important for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and metabolic balance in Spirulina when subjected to LT stress. The up-regulation of proteins involved in gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis served as coping mechanisms of Spirulina in response to LT stress. Moreover, the down-regulated expression of proteins involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, photosynthesis, and translation were associated with reduced energy consumption. The findings of the present study allow a better understanding of the response of Spirulina to LT stress and may facilitate in the elucidation of mechanisms underlying LT tolerance.

Comparative Proteomics Indicates That Redox Homeostasis Is Involved in High- and Low-Temperature Stress Tolerance in a Novel Wucai (Brassica campestris L.) Genotype

“…A PsbO -deficient mutant of Arabidopsis had retarded development, pale leaves, and increased sensitivity to light stress [37]. The PsbO protein, however, is downregulated under LT stress in Spirulina , which causes a decreased electron transfer rate and photosynthetic capacity [38]. This supports that PsbO plays a dominant role in protecting and stabilizing the catalytic center as an important protein for Mn 4 Ca cluster stabilization [39].…”

Integrative Omics Analysis of Three Oil Palm Varieties Reveals (Tanzania × Ekona) TE as a Cold-Resistant Variety in Response to Low-Temperature Stress

“…NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase and ATP synthase (delta and B chain) proteins were previously shown to be suppressed in maize under cold stress [ 63 ]. Cytochrome b6-f complex proteins were also suppressed in coconut and Spirulina in response to low-temperature stress [ 6 , 75 ]. Oxygen-evolving enhancer (OEE) protein is involved in cold acclimation in wheat crops [ 76 ].…”

Plant iTRAQ‐Based Proteomics

“…A number of studies from recent years have demonstrated the successful use of iTRAQ-based global and phosphoproteomics quantitation in plants (Chen et al, 2016;Li et al, 2016;Nguyen et al, 2012;Wang, Hajano, Ren, Lu, & Wang, 2015). The use of iTRAQ and TMT multiplexing has proven useful in our comparative plant experiments.…”