iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis in different developmental stages ofEchinococcus granulosus

Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis, caused by infection with the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is a chronic zoonosis. The lifecycle of the E. granulosus parasite includes three consecutive stages that require specific gene regulation or protein expression to survive environmental shifts between definitive hosts and intermediate hosts. The aim of the present study is to screen and analyze the stage differential antigens to be considered for vaccine development against E. granulosus. By using the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) method, the differentially expressed proteins were selected from the three consecutive developmental stages of E. granulosus: oncosphere, adult tapeworms, and protoscolex. Through a bioinformatics analysis including Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway metabolic annotation, we identified some proteins of interest from each stage. The results showed that a large number of differentially expressed proteins (375: oncosphere vs. adult, 346: oncosphere vs. protoscolex, and 391: adult vs. protoscolex) were identified from the three main lifecycle stages. Analysis of the differential protein pathways showed that these differential proteins are mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, Huntington’s diseases, Alzheimer’s diseases, and ribosome metabolic pathways. Interestingly, among these differential proteins, expression levels of paramyosin, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, cathepsin L1, cathepsin D, casein kinase, and calmodulin were significantly higher in the oncosphere than in the adult or protoscolex (p < 0.05). We hope our findings will help to identify potential targets for diagnosis or for therapeutic and prophylactic intervention.

Comparative proteomics analysis of the egg, sparganum, and adult stages of Spirometra mansoni

“…Given its structure and function, the elevated expression of CaM may augment the in ltration capacity and motility of spargana [40], enabling them to migrate swiftly through host tissues and organs. In contrast, the downregulation of calmodulin expression in adults, mainly dwelling in the host gut, can be rationalized by their reduced need to traverse host tissues and organs, similar to ndings in studies on CaM in Clonorchis sinensis and Echinococcus granulosus [41]. Despite these insights, the biological functions of CaM in tapeworms remain relatively uncharted, warranting further investigation to grasp the multidimensional roles of CaM comprehensively.…”

Proteomics investigation of human sera for determination of postoperative indicators of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis

“…have shown different proteins [ 49 – 51 ]. These identified proteins are involved in a wide range of biological functions including stress response, cytoskeleton, metabolism especially those which may participate in the mechanisms of cholesterol uptake from the host [ 52 , 53 ]. Moreover, comparing their amino acid sequences has showed homology with related parasites [ 50 ].…”

Comparative proteomics analysis of adult Haemonchus contortus isolates from Ovis ammon

“…In parasitological studies, most proteomic analyses are used to understand the biological characteristics of eggs or adult parasites, explore the protein profiles at different developmental stages, and analyze the protein differences at different stages or at the same stage ( Di Maggio et al, 2022 ; Li et al., 2021 ; Wang et al., 2021 ; Wang et al., 2020 ; Hu et al., 2018 ; Wang et al., 2018 ). There are several research reports on the proteomics of H. contortus and its host animals.…”