ITER, safety and licensing

Girard, J P; Garin, Patrice; Taylor, Neill; Uzan-Elbez, Joëlle; Rodrı́guez-Rodrigo, L.; Gulden, W.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.03.017

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…A significant increase of interest to the studies of dust in fusion plasmas seen in recent years was triggered by the ITER project, where dust is one of the main concerns of the ITER licensing process [5] since it can pose safety problems related to its chemical activity, tritium retention, and radioactive content. Another important dust-related issue for ITER is the degradation of in-vessel diagnostic components, such as mirrors, due to dust impact [6].…”

Section: And the References Therein)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Aspects of Dust in Fusion Devices

Krasheninnikov¹,

Pigarov

Smirnov

et al. 2010

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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It is known that micro-particles (dust) exist in fusion devices. However, an impact of dust on plasma contamination, material migration, and performance of fusion devices is still under debate. In burning plasma experiments like ITER dust can also pose safety problems related to it's chemical activity, toxicity, tritium retention, and radioactive content. In order to address all these issues we need to understand the physics of dust generation, dynamics, and transport. In this paper, the results of recent theoretical studies of dust in fusion plasmas are reviewed. Different aspects of the physics of dust in fusion plasmas, including the processes of dust generation, charging, heating, destruction, spinning, forces acting on dust, dust collision with material walls, etc are discussed. The numerical models of these processes have been incorporated into the dust transport code DUSTT, which is capable of tracking of dust particles in fusion devices in 3D geometry. The results of the simulations of dust particle dynamics, transport, and the impact on edge plasma performance are considered. The latest results on nonlinear interactions of dust grain with tokamak plasma as well as remaining gaps in the understanding of physics of dust in fusion devices are discussed.

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Section: And the References Therein)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Aspects of Dust in Fusion Devices

Krasheninnikov¹,

Pigarov

Smirnov

et al. 2010

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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“…This is because to realize long-term safely operation; because dust particles pose safety issues due to their chemical reactivity, tritium retention, radioactive content and explosion hazard in case of air ingress. They may cause operational issues such as deterioration of plasma confinement [1][2][3][4][5]. For these reasons, the maximum quantity of dust particles in the ITER vessel is limited below 6 kg of carbon or 11 kg of beryllium and 77 kg of tungsten [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time mass measurement of dust particles deposited on vessel wall in a divertor simulator using quartz crystal microbalances

Tateishi

Koga

Katayama

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…The high energy fluxes are caused by much higher energies of the different species. Especially particle formation from eroded wall materials leads to safety and operational issues due to radioactive content, tritium retention or chemical activity [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorimetric Probes for Energy Flux Measurements in Process Plasmas

2014

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This chapter gives an overview of the method of calorimetric probes which are used for characterizing the interaction between low-temperature plasmas and substrates in materials processing. Although the focus is on low-temperature nonequilibrium plasmas most of the concepts can also be transferred to thermal plasmas or are in fact adopted from fusion research. An introductory section showing the importance and complexity of plasma wall interactions is followed by a section providing an overview and comparison of various probe concepts, which have been developed in the last decades. Special focus is on the type of probes which are similar to the probes used by J.A. Thornton (In fact, Thornton was not the first, to use this type of probe. From his work from 1978 [1], one can follow the citations back to the work of Jackson in 1969, who used equation (6.7) for the determination of the power dissipated by a copper block located at substrate position in a sputtering discharge [2]) who was one of the pioneers connecting plasma characteristics with resulting surface properties. Thereafter, a short section gives a basic overview of the different contributions to the total energy influx and which are of importance for the plasma wall interaction. The last section shows different examples of applications of calorimetric probes. It demonstrates the applicability and flexibility of these types of probes for characterization of different low-temperature plasmas. The examples

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ITER, safety and licensing

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Theoretical Aspects of Dust in Fusion Devices

Theoretical Aspects of Dust in Fusion Devices

Real-time mass measurement of dust particles deposited on vessel wall in a divertor simulator using quartz crystal microbalances

Calorimetric Probes for Energy Flux Measurements in Process Plasmas

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