ITER plant layout and site services

Abstract

The ITER site has not yet been determined. Nevertheless, to develop a construction plan and a cost estimate, it is necessary to have a detailed layout of the buildings, structures and outdoor equipment integrated with the balance of plant service systems prototypical of large fusion power plants. These services include electrical power for magnet feeds and plasma heating systems, cryogenic and conventional cooling systems, compressed air, gas supplies, demineralized water, steam and drainage. Nuclear grade facilities are provided to handle tritium fuel and activated waste, as well as to prevent radiation exposure of workers and the public. To prevent interference between services of different types and for efficient arrangement of buildings, structures and equipment within the site area, a plan was developed which segregated different classes of services to four quadrants surrounding the tokamak building, placed at the approximate geographical centre of the site. The locations of the buildings on the generic site were selected to meet all design requirements at minimum total project cost. A similar approach was used to determine the locations of services above, at and below grade. The generic site plan can be adapted to the site selected for ITER without significant changes to the buildings or equipment. Some rearrangements may be required by site topography, resulting primarily in changes to the length of services that link the buildings and equipment.

Diverted tokamak carbon screening: scaling with machine size and consequences for core contamination

“…Implicit to this section, is the assumption that the wall components and conditioning are similar to the JET walls. For example, the common JET algorithm [7] for the impurity source is a carbon wall and divertor with a chemical sputtering yield of 0.5 of the Toronto value [8]. The factor of 1 2 was proposed in [7] to account for the JET carbon light signals and may represent either a calibration factor in the JET instrumentation or the sputtering coefficients.…”

“…For example, the common JET algorithm [7] for the impurity source is a carbon wall and divertor with a chemical sputtering yield of 0.5 of the Toronto value [8]. The factor of 1 2 was proposed in [7] to account for the JET carbon light signals and may represent either a calibration factor in the JET instrumentation or the sputtering coefficients. This assumption, with the empirical screening, predicts JET carbon core contamination similar to the experimental values [2].…”

The Effect of Vanadium Doping on Carbon Behavior in Tungsten: A First‐Principle Study

“…Tungsten is a popular material in high temperature industry, such as spallation neutron source [ 1 ] and aerospace engineering, [ 2 ] so Tungsten definitely can be considered as one of the potential plasma facing materials (PFMs) [ 3 ] of the divertor and the first‐wall materials in fusion power reactors, because of its excellent properties, including high melting point, high strength at high temperature, good thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high sputtering threshold energy and its excellent wear resistance. [ 4–10 ]…”

Non-inductive solenoid-less plasma current startup in NSTX using transient CHI

“…The spherical torus (ST) is capable of simultaneous operation at high beta and high bootstrap current fraction [1]. These advantages of the ST configuration arise as a result of its small aspect ratio.…”