Item to decision mapping in rapid response learning

Schnyer, David M.; Dobbins, Ian G.; Nicholls, Lindsay; Davis, Sarah; Verfaellie, Mieke; Schacter, Daniel L.

doi:10.3758/bf03193617

Cited by 46 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…4A) suggests that PFC RS is not necessarily always related to S-R learning [Dobbins et al, 2004]. One possibility is that, while S-R learning effects might generalize across visually-similar pictures of different exemplars of an object [Denkinger and Koutstaal, 2009], they do not generalize across visually dissimilar stimuli [Schnyer et al, 2007], such as between words and pictures, as in the present study. We return to this issue in Experiment 2.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 34%

“…Given that S-R learning effects may be maximal for repetition of the same stimulus between Study and Test [Schnyer et al, 2007], we further limited our analysis to the Picture-Picture condition alone. Post-hoc tests again revealed no significant difference between the Same and Reverse condition, t(23) ¼ 0.04, P ¼ 0.97.…”

Section: Left Lo-itmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S-R learning has long been known to exert strong effects on the behavioral priming that is found in speeded categorization tasks [Horner and Henson, 2009;Logan, 1990;Schnyer et al, 2006]. More recently, behavioral effects of S-R learning have been shown to generalize across different object exemplars [Denkinger and Koutstaal, 2009; though see Schnyer et al, 2007]. Thus it is possible that at least some of the RS effects reviewed above that were used to argue for different levels of object representation in the ventral visual stream actually reflect relatively abstract S-R learning, rather than facilitation of processes normally involved in visual object recognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose to use the ''bigger-than-shoebox'' size-judgment task because it has been used in numerous behavioral [Horner and Henson, 2009;Schnyer et al, 1996Schnyer et al, , 2007 and fMRI [Dobbins et al, 2004;Horner and Henson, 2008;Koutstaal et al, 2001;Race et al, 2009;Simons et al, 2003] studies. Although S-R learning might not be expected when the visual form of the stimulus (S) changes so dramatically (i.e., from a word to a picture), it is possible that a response (R) can become bound to a Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repetition suppression in occipitotemporal cortex despite negligible visual similarity: Evidence for postperceptual processing?

Horner¹,

Henson²

2010

Human Brain Mapping

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The reduced neural response in certain brain regions when a task-relevant stimulus is repeated ("repetition suppression", RS) is often attributed to facilitation of the cognitive processes performed in those regions. Repetition of visual objects is associated with RS in the ventral and lateral occipital/temporal regions, and is typically attributed to facilitation of visual processes, ranging from the extraction of shape to the perceptual identification of objects. In two fMRI experiments using a semantic classification task, we found RS in a left lateral occipital/inferior temporal region to a picture of an object when the name of that object had previously been presented in a separate session. In other words, we found RS despite negligible visual similarity between the initial and repeated occurrences of an object identity. There was no evidence that this RS was driven by the learning of task-specific responses to an object identity ("S-R learning"). We consider several explanations of this occipitotemporal RS, such as phonological retrieval, semantic retrieval, and visual imagery. Although no explanation if fully satisfactory, it is proposed that such effects most plausibly relate to the extraction of task-relevant information relating to object size, either through the extraction of sensory-specific semantic information or through visual imagery processes. Our findings serve to emphasize the potential complexity of processing within traditionally visual regions, at least as measured by fMRI.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 34%

Section: Left Lo-itmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repetition suppression in occipitotemporal cortex despite negligible visual similarity: Evidence for postperceptual processing?

Horner¹,

Henson²

2010

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Note that it is not that responses in S-R bindings are solely coded at the level of a motoric hand action. Many studies have provided evidence for multiple, more abstract, levels of response representation (Denkinger & Koutstaal, 2009;THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2016, 69 (3) 571 Dennis & Perfect, 2013;Horner & Henson, 2009;Race et al, 2009;Schnyer et al, 2007). Further, there is ample evidence for bindings between the stimulus presented and task performed during stimulus presentation (e.g., Moutsopoulou & Waszak, 2012;Waszak, Hommel, & Allport, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of bindings between task-irrelevant stimuli and responses can facilitate behaviour under conditions of high response certainty

Horner

2016

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Repetition priming can be driven by the encoding and retrieval of stimulus–response (S–R) bindings. When a previously encoded S–R binding is retrieved, and is congruent with the response currently required, it can bias response-selection processes towards selecting the retrieved response, resulting in facilitation. Previous studies have used classification tasks at retrieval. Here, two (or more) response options are competing, and it is likely that any evidence (e.g., an S–R binding) in favour of one option will be utilized to effect a decision. Thus, S–R effects are likely to be seen when using such a task. It is unclear whether such effects can be seen under conditions of higher response certainty, when participants are explicitly cued to make a response. Across two experiments, evidence for a modulating influence of S–R bindings is seen despite using a response cueing method at retrieval to minimize response uncertainty and despite stimuli being task irrelevant. Finally, the results suggest that responses within these S–R bindings are coded at the level of left versus right hand, and not a more fine-grained within-hand thumb versus index finger. The results underline the resilience of S–R effects, suggesting that they are present even under conditions where no explicit object-oriented decision is required.

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Convergent Methods in Memory Research

Dobbins¹,

Schnyer

2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

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This chapter illustrates a convergent approach to memory research highlighting both lateral convergence (the testing of theory convergence across different methodologies and dependent variables) and vertical convergence (the testing of theory convergence at different levels of data aggregation/analysis). The need for the latter is illustrated by considering the ecological fallacy and Simpson's Paradox, and demonstrating interesting recognition decision model predictions at lower levels of data aggregation than typically considered (via Monte Carlo simulation). Following this, we focus on one illustration involving the neural bases of repetition priming that relied heavily on convergent approaches to build the case that aspects of recognition priming behavior, and its associated neural activation patterns, were governed by response learning processes. We then conclude by highlighting statistical classification learning applied to memory‐linked natural language reports, and Monte Carlo simulation of basic memory decision models, followed by a call for reviewers and editors to press authors to perform convergent data analyses when possible.

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Item to decision mapping in rapid response learning

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

Repetition suppression in occipitotemporal cortex despite negligible visual similarity: Evidence for postperceptual processing?

Repetition suppression in occipitotemporal cortex despite negligible visual similarity: Evidence for postperceptual processing?

Retrieval of bindings between task-irrelevant stimuli and responses can facilitate behaviour under conditions of high response certainty

Convergent Methods in Memory Research

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