“…Topping, ). OPA also has other advantages (see, e.g., Gielen & De Wever, ;Rosa, Coutinho, & Flores, ; Ueno & Okamoto, ; Uto & Ueno, ) in reducing teacher workload in both the assessment and feedback processes (Bouzidi & Jaillet, ) and increasing studentŰstudent interaction (Rosa et al, ). Because of these advantages, OPA has been incorporated into new types of online courses, such as massive open online courses (MOOCs), small private online courses, small open online courses, corporate open online courses, and nano open online courses.…”